Welcome, logistics'

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Introduction

• Welcome, logistics.
• A brief history of the ChEAS.
• Scope of the ChEAS participants,
  projects/funds, sites, measurements.
• Broader context AmeriFlux, NACP, global flux
  network.
• Goals for this meeting

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Overall goals of the ChEAS

• Understand northern forest-atmosphere carbon and
  water cycles and how they respond to
• Climate variability and change
• Land use change
• Up-scale forest-atmosphere fluxes from chambers
  to forest stands, and from forest stands to all
  upper Midwest forests.
• Down-scale atmospheric measurements to derive
  fluxes for the upper Midwest forests.
• Evaluate regional fluxes with multiple methods,
  and interpret with understanding of the governing
  mechanisms. Guide the study of other regions.

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A brief history of the ChEAS

• Unknown date in pre-history, U. Wisconsin begins
  forestry research in the Chequamegon National
  Forest.
• 1990 or so, NOAA-CMDL starts instrumenting tall
  towers for trace gas measurements.
• December 1991, Davis and Bakwin start talking in
  Boulder, due to Michael Trolier and the Chemrawn
  VII meeting in Baltimore.
• 1994. NIGEC funds Bakwin and Davis for eddy flux
  measurements at WLEF. NOAA-funded CO2
  measurements start in 1994. Flux measurements
  start in 1995. AmeriFlux takes shape 1996(?).

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A brief history of ChEAS

• 1997. Bolstad, Davis, Denning, Gower, Gutschick,
  and MacKay (others?) all begin new projects in
  the Chequamegon region, all focused to some
  extent around the WLEF flux and mixing ratio
  measurements. Gower organizes a winter 1998
  meeting at Kemp. ChEAS is born. Bakwin creates
  the acronym at this meeting.
• Past ChEAS meetings
• Kemp, February 1998.
• St. Paul, May 1999.
• St. Paul, June 2000.
• Madison, June, 2001
• ChEAS RCN funded in early 2002.

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First ChEAS RCN workshop

• August, 2002, Kemp 5 days
• (follow-up on interpretation of atmospheric CO2
  mixing ratio measurements, Boulder, October 2002)
• Included tutorial lectures, hands-on experiments
  and demonstrations, research presentations and
  discussions of future research
• Gathered 25 participants, including 8 guests (6
  presenting) and 8 graduate students. 11
  institutions represented.
• Focus Interannual variability in CO2 and H2O
  fluxes in northern temperate forests. Tutorials
  on multiple flux measurement methods.

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The Chequamegon Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study
(ChEAS) Research Collaboration Network (RCN)

• Funded by the NSFs Biological Sciences
  Directorate.
• 5 year project, started January 2002.
• Proposal written by Eileen Carey and Bruce Cook.
  Initiated at the suggestion of Jim Ehleringer,
  U.Utah, at the 4th ChEAS meeting, Madison, WI,
  June, 2001.

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ChEAS RCN, continued

• Objectives
• Provide multidisciplinary training and research
  opportunities to new scientists working across
  traditional boundaries in the fields of ecology,
  hydrology and atmospheric science.
• Promote the development of integrative research
  projects building upon the ChEAS infrastructure,
  especially those focusing on bridging the gap
  between leaf- and canopy-scale flux measurements
  and the global CO2 flask sampling network and
  understanding the causes of seasonal to
  interannual variability in forest-atmosphere
  exchanges.
• Promote data sharing.
• Guide the future direction of ChEAS research.

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ChEAS RCN, continued

• Structure
• Steering group about 20 core participants (
  research group leaders with research interests
  matching the objectives of the RCN). Open to new
  members.
• Workshops. 2002, 2004, 2006. Funds to bring in
  guest scientists and participating students and
  scientists. 2 week duration.
• ChEAS meetings, each year. 1-2 days.
• Laboratory exchanges. Up to 5 visits/year,
  duration of 2 weeks to a few months.

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What/Who/Where is the ChEAS?Projects, sites,
participants

• About 5-10 projects partly or wholly focused in
  the region have been ongoing since 1997. At
  least 7 proposals are currently pending.
• Online documentation of the ongoing projects has
  not been very good.
• NOAA, NIGEC, DoE TCP, NASA Eosval, NSF Ecosystems
  and NSF/NCAR have provided funds.
• Research has often, but not always, focused
  around flux towers. 7 long term and 3 portable
  systems are currently operating.

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ChEAS flux tower sites
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ChEAS long-term flux towers
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Broader context AmeriFlux, NACP, global flux
network

• Analyses of multi-tower and multi-year flux
  datasets are becoming more common and more
  sophisticated. Evaluation of flux measurements
  with biometric data is becoming more routine.
• Interest in making AmeriFlux more like a
  functional network is growing.
• A midwest ag regional intensive for the NACP is
  likely. Other regional studies may be
  considered.
• Joint synthesis of flux and mixing ratio data is
  becoming a very active field of research.

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Goals of this workshop

• Identify scientific opportunities and needs.
• Educate ourselves, especially grad students,
  about these opportunities and needs.
• Create a plan of action.
• Examine our role in the NACP and the global flux
  networks and act appropriately.
• Identify new collaborators who can enhance ChEAS.
• Plan the 2004 ChEAS workshop and 2003-2004 lab
  exchanges.

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Goals of the 1st ChEAS workshop, 2002

• Understand interannual variability in CO2 and H2O
  fluxes observed during ChEAS.
• Understand differences in fluxes observed among
  ChEAS research sites.
• Draft new papers and proposals following the
  results of our proceedings.
• Includes renewals of WLEF and Willow/Lost Creek
  projects, due to NIGEC on 3 September, 2002. Core
  projects. Both rejected!

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2002 workshop action items

• Get locations/descriptions of Chen sites added to
  the ChEAS web site/database.
• Generate footprint models for NEE vs. GPP
  comparisons. Not as critical for R vs. R
  comparisons, since soil properties vary less in
  space than LAI and species composition varies.
• Can someone monitor ChEAS phenology and pass the
  data on to M. Schwartz? Proposal rejected.
• Evaluate models of CO2 transport and mixing at
  diurnal, synoptic and annual time scales.
  Observational check of the TransCom models.
• Progress. Hurwitz, Bakwin, Yi papers.   

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2002 action items, continued

• Use continental co2 data in inverse models.
  1999, 2000, etc effort. Progess underway.
• EDemographics and/or Biome-bgc runs of the
  towers, ChEAS landscape. Recruiting colleagues.
• Write a caterpillars paper. Progress, B Cook.
• Nighttime NEE/R at WCreek puzzle. Analyze
• Undercanopy R measurement
• Daytime NEE to derive R
• Chamber flux data
• Nighttime above canopy R
• Comparison to past literature
• Progess Many analyses chamber flux experiment
  underway(?).

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2002 action items, continued

• Lost Creek fluxes and water table paper.
• Sylvania annual flux paper. Being drafted.
• WLEF/WCreek/LCreek comparison work.
• Why is WLEF a source of C? (Future effort with
  Chen portable tower at aspen stand? 2002 wet
  test of wetland hypothesis. Test harvest idea
  with back of envelope remaining C from harvest
  30 of biomass and time scale of decay approx
  5 years and area harvested.) Work underway.
• WLEF interannual variability. Paper outlined.
  Interpretation needs input from foresters.

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2002 action items, continued

• Synoptic climatology of co2 connect Hurwitz
  and Bakwin. 
• C biometry intercomparison for WCreek.
• Whole canopy WUE and VPD responses vs. leaf-level
  responses.
• Determine age of respired C at sites (esp WLEF
  drying wetlands) plus respiration measurements at
  wetland margins. Proposals for wetland studies
  in.
• Canopy structure and elevation from airborne
  lidar.  
• Add someone interested in root growth,
  belowground processes in general. Recruit among
  us?

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2002 action items, continued

• Add someone interested in ecosystem demographics
  and forest inventory across the entire ChEAS
  domain.
• Enhance spatial remote sensing work to complement
  added spatially distributed forest inventory
  analyses. Complement with spatially distributed
  ecosystem modeling. Address all of northern
  Wisconsin, or even the whole lake states region.
  Recruiting/proposals in preparation. 
• Use changes in satellite data/land use over time
  to interpret regional fluxes in addition to FIA
  work. Proposal submitted. 

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2002 action items, continued

• Extend eddy covariance flux sampling (via
  aircraft, Chen sites) and component flux sampling
  across the landscape to determine the
  representativeness of the WLEF and WCreek/LCreek
  sites, and answer the problems we are having in
  getting the Creeks and WLEF to agree via
  upscaling. Proposals, some rejected.
• Micromet study of possible 2-d transport. Ideas.
• Do side by side measurements with a continuous
  chamber flux system.

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2002 action items, continued

• Increase temporal density of the soil respiration
  measurements at a single forest stand to increase
  our ability to observe changes in the soil
  respiration vs. soil temperature and moisture
  relationships from year to year.  
• Study of water dynamics and their impact on CO2
  fluxes. Include methane emissions. Proposals in
  review.

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Needs and opportunities, 2003(?)

• ChEAS is strong in flux measurement density and
  quality, and inverse methods, but weak in
  upscaling, mechanistic interpretation of flux
  measurements, and data-model integration.
• Current puzzles in the flux data (carbon source,
  upscaling difficulty, interannual changes) are
  scientific opportunities.
• The ChEAS flux network and regional inverse study
  underway should be fully utilized. Unique
  scientific opportunities and relevance to NACP.
• Publication record is slow. We need to produce
  publications that take advantage of existing data
  and results.