Hydrocarbons

1
Hydrocarbons

• Made only of carbon and hydrogen

2
Alkanes

• only single bonds
• CnH2n2

3
Naming Alkanes

• identify the number of carbon atoms in the
  longest continuous chain and use the appropriate
  prefix

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4
Prefixes for Hydrocarbons
hexane 6 heptane 7 octane 8 nonane 9 decane 10

• methane 1
• ethane 2
• propane 3
• butane 4
• pentane 5

5
The Alkanes - CnH2n2

• CH4 - Methane 2(1) 2 4
• C2H6 - Ethane 2(2) 2 6
• C3HX - Propane 2(3) 2 X
• C4HY - Butane Y _______
• C5HZ - Pentane Z _______

6
The Alkanes - CnH2n2

• How many hydrogen atoms are present in the
  six-carbon alkane?
• How many hydrogen atoms are present in the
  eight-carbon alkane?

7
Molecular Formula 1

• Ethane, C2H6

8
Structural Formula 1

• Ethane
• H H
• H-C-C-H
• H H

9
Electron Dot Formula 1

• Ethane
• H H
• HCCH
• H H

10
Molecular Formula 2

• Propane

11
Structural Formula 2

• Propane

12
Electron Dot Formula 2

• Propane

13
Name these alkanes

• C5H12
• C8H18
• CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

14
Write and label formulas (3) for

• butane
• nonane
• hexane

15
Write and label formulas (3) for

• octane
• Define Isomer-
• Draw an isomer for octane

16
Write and label formulas (3) for

• Ethene C2H4
• Butene C4H8
• Benzene C6H6

17
Molecular Formula 1

• Ethane, C2H6

The Molar Mass for Ethane is 30 g/mol
2 (12) 6 (1) 30 g/mol
Number of atoms x mass number
18

• Name the alkane having a molar mass of
• 16 g/mol
• 58 g/mol
• 114 g/mol

19
Other Hydrocarbons

• Alkenes have double bonds
• Alkynes have triple bonds
• Cyclo- bond into ring structures