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DECENTRALISATION AND PARTICIPATORY IRRIGATION
MANAGEMENT IN MOROCCO
Nawal El Haouari
2
STRUCTURE OF THE PRESENTATION
I- MOROCCAN RESOURCES 2- PIM PROCESS IN
MOROCCO 3- PIM IMPLEMENTATION IN LARGE SCALE
IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
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I- MOROCCAN RESOURCES
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LIMITED LAND RESOURCES

• Total land area 71 million has
• Arabale land 8,7 million has
• Possible irrigated area 1,6 million has
• (1,3 Mhas permanent Irr. 300.000 ha seasonnal
  Irr.)

EVOLUTION OF THE ARABLE LAND AREA PER 1000
INHABITANTS
HA

• 1960 732 HECTARES /1 000 INHABITANTS
• 2000 330 HECTARES /1 000 INHABITANTS

• The decrease of the per capita arable land
  availability dictates the necessity to intensify
  agriculture and to increase land productivity

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VARIABLE CLIMATE

• Most of agricultural land is situated in arid
  and semi arid climate zones
• High temporal and spatial variability
• Mean annual rainfall
• from 500 to 2 800 mm in the north
• less than 100 mm in the arid zone in the south.

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HIGH SPATIAL VARIABILITY
Mean annual rainfall
mm of overall rainfall
River Bassin
Moulouya 245 4.8
Loukkos, Tanger 2.860 44.7 Mediterranean
Sebou 750 14.8
BouRegreg Atlantic 500 9.9 Coastals
Oum-Er-Rbia 515 10.2
Tensift Safi- 330 6.5 Essouira Coastal
Souss-Massa 240 4.7 Agadir Coastal
South Atlantic Basins 170 3.4
Sahareans Basins 50 1.0
100
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HIGH TEMPORAL VARIABILITY
Rainfall
mm
Production
Millions de quintaux
100
90
80
70
Millions of quintals
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1940
1942
1944
1946
1948
1950
1952
1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
Production réelle
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LIMITED WATER RESOURCES
Rainfall
Evapotranspiration
150
121
Not to develop resources
Renewable Resources
9
29
Water Resources Potential
20
Surface Water
Ground Water
16
4
11
2.7
Mobilised surface water
Mobilised ground water

• Water uses 88 irrigation
• 8 domestic use
• 4 industry

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IRRIGATION DEVELOPEMENT

• The emphasis in Moroccan development planning has
  been for the last three decades on maximising the
  capture of the country's surface water for use in
  irrigated agriculture, domestic water supply,
  industry and energy generation

• Government policy in the agricultural sector has
  always favoured investments in the irrigation
  sector. These investments have accounted for more
  than 60 of the total public investments in
  agriculture between 1965 and 1980. The goal set
  in 1967 was to achieve one million hectares of
  irrigated area by the year 2000.

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ACHIEVEMENTS

• SMI projects
• - range from few hundreds to some thousands
  hectares
• - mainly traditional systems
• - some 330.000 ha have been improved through
  rehabilitation and modernisation since mid
  1980s
• - managed by Water Users Associations with full
  responsibility of operation and maintenance
  according to the law 02-84 promulgated in 1990.

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ACHIEVEMENTS

• LSI projects
• - Represent new investments in water regulation,
  conveyance and distribution systems (including on
  farm level). Their development was accompanied by
  land consolidation and agricultural development
  support from the government

- 9 LSI perimeters have been developed in the
major river basins of the country
- 9 regional irrigation and agricultural
development agencies (ORMVAs) entrusted with the
responsibility of setting up irrigation
infrastructure, irrigation water management and
agricultural development.
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IMPORTANCE OF IRRIGATION SECTOR IN MORORCCO
1 000 Hectares
Projects Potential irrigated Present Irrigated
area
area
LSI 880
672 SMI 484
332
Total 1.364 1.004

• The irrigation sector (13 of the total arable
  area) contributes 45 to the agricultural added
  value. It produces 75 of the agricultural
  exports and accounts for 40 of the total
  employment

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II- PIM PROCESS IN MOROCCO
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• PIM PROCESS

• Farmers managed irrigation systems is not new
  concept
• 1924 French Administration established
  privileged Agricultural
• syndicate Associations (ASAP)
• 1958 general law to encourage creation of
  public associations for participation in all
  areas of development including irrig.
• management
• 1990 Specific Law N 02-84 organising WUAs
  (Associations des
• usagers des eaux agricoles AUEA)
• 1992 Decree implementation of the law N 02-84
• Nov 1995 First national seminar on PIM
• Strategy and actions plans for PIM implementation
  
• Dec 1999 Second national seminar on PIM
• Balance of PIM actions between 1995 and 1999
• PIM executive action plan for each ORMVA.

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• WHY PIM IN MOROCCO?

• To make a rational and efficient use of water
• To control operation and maintenance costs .
• improve the functioning of irrigation systems in
  both technical and managerial aspects
• To ensure irrigation systems sustainability.

Necessary

• Transform relations between ORMVA and water users
  into less prescriptive manner
• Involve farmers in the management of their
  irrigation systems.

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• PIM STRATGY

Pilots promising AREAS
PIM
Incitative Providing Incentives to farmers
Progressive Step by Step process
Based on negotiation and partnership
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STRATEGIC ORIENTATIONS

• Progressive transfer of irrigation management
  responsibilities from ORMVAs to WUAs, in a
  contractual framework, according to the
  development of WUAs capacities
• ORMVA will keep their essential missions and role
  of conception, design, orientation and control in
  irrigation systems management.

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III- PIM IMPLEMENTATION IN LARGE SCALE
IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
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AUEA ESTABLISHMENT
Situation in 1995
Situation in March 2002
Covered area (Ha)
AUEA established
AUEA established
Covered area (Ha)
Doukkala Gharb Loukkos Moulouya Tadla Haouz Sou
ss Massa Tafilalet Ouarzazte Total
41 4 1 7 10 53 0 29 12 157
21.389 1.053 2.117 1.345 15.132 41.980
0 13.426 1.987 98.429
39 48 17 53 22 127 19 43 77 445
27.207 38.575 26.108 39.700
31.671 124.600 7.582 25.000
22.786 343.229

• 1/2 of the equiped area in LSI is covered by
  AUEAs.

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PARTICIPATION OF WUAs IN IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
MANAGEMENT

• Ouarzazate, Tafilalet and Haouz (Traditional
  systems)
• WUAs take full responsibility of managing
  irrigation network up to the secondary level (
  water distribution, network guarding, canals
  cleaning and maintenance...)
• Tadla, Loukkos, Souss Massa
• Week Participation in management tasks
  (operation and maintenance of sprinkler material,
  Network guarding, tertiary canals cleaning,
  Conflict resolution)
• Strong involvement in (Irrigation scheduling
  and water turn establishment, Programming
  maintenance work and its supervision Promotion
  of modern irrigation techniques)
• Other perimeters (Doukkala, Gharb, Moulouya)
• (WUAs hardly
  participate)

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THANK YOU