new knowledgeold fact

1
new knowledge/old fact

• Mary learns something
• Mary acquires propositional knowledge
• New knowledge is knowledge of physical fact under
  a phenomenal concept
• Knowledge under a concept
• A way of knowing about something

2
ways of knowing

• distinguish
• physical concepts
• phenomenal concepts
• cognitively independent
• possible to know x satisfies physical concept and
  not know x satisfies phenomenal concept, vice
  versa

3
new knowledge

• May knows fact that x is red for Mary knows x
  satisfies F (where F is physical concept for
  redness)
• Mary does not know that x is red by knowing x
  satisfies G (where G is phenomenal concept for
  redness looks like this.)
• knowing x satisfies G is just a different way of
  knowing red

4

• What makes (2) true when it is true?
• Ans x is red
• F and G are two ways of knowing one thing,
  namely that x is red.

5
way of conceiving fact

• call this a mode of presentation (Frege)
• e.g.
• Mary knows the evening star is a planet
• Mary does not know the morning star is a planet
• Because,
• Mary does not know the morning star is the
  evening star

6
modes of presentation

• Criterion of difference
• Co-referring expressions a and b have different
  mps associated with them if it is possible for a
  subject to understand both and believe Fa and not
  believe Fb.
• Test
• S believes Fa
• a b
• S believes Fb

7
example

• (4) Lois Lane believes Superman is outside a 10th
  floor window
• (5) Superman is Clark Kent
• (6) Lois Lane believes Clark Kent is outside a
  10th floor window

8
different beliefs

• (4) and (6) ascribe different beliefs to Lois
• If (4), Lois is probably interested but not
  concerned
• If (6) Lois would be alarmed
• The beliefs are different because of their
  different rational impact on behaviour.

9
facts and mps.

• One fact a certain young man is outside a 10th
  floor window
• different modes of presentation are required to
  make sense of Lois behaviour, to make sense of
  her take on the facts, her perspective.

10
what this refers to

• Mary learns that this is a red experience
• this is a red this is a
• Qualia seeing red
• (objectual p.o.v.) (perspectival
• p.o.v.)
• Perspective (a) having special objects, or (b)
  relational, the way world strikes you.

11
under new concepts

• on leaving the B/W room Mary has new knowledge
• this cannot be old facts under new concepts, for
  under new concepts re-introduces the very idea
  of a p.o.v./perspective.
• it links p.o.v. not to special objects (qualia),
  but to the notion of having a way the world
  strikes you