Cidal agent: , : bacteriocidal, fungicidal, viricidal'

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?????? ????????????????
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?????? ???????????????? ???? ?????????????? ???
?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??
??????????????. ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????,
??????? ?? ??. Cidal agent ???? ????? ??
??????????????, ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???
bacteriocidal, fungicidal, viricidal. Lytic
agent ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???
bacteriolytic. Static agents ???? ????? ???? ??
???? ????? bacteriostatic, fungistatic,
viristatic.
3
???? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??
??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????
??????????. ????? ?? ???? ???, ???????? ?????
????, ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????.
4
???? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????
???, ???? ????? ???, ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????.
5
???? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????
????? ?? ????? ???????, ?????? ??? ??????
??????? ?? ???? ??? (???????), ?? ?????? ???????
???????????.
6
????? ??????? ???????????????? minimal inhibitory
concentration (MIC) ????? ????????? ?? ?????
?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????. MIC
???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????????,
???? ?????????, ???? ??? ??????, ??? ?????????,
????? ?????. ?????? ????????? ????? ???
???????. ????? ?????? MIC Tube dilution
technique Agar diffusion method
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Tube dilution technique ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???
???? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????
????? ????? ??? ???? ??????.
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MIC ???? ? ?????? ????? ???? ????????
??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? (???,
????????, ???????, pH, ???) ?????? ????????????
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Agar diffusion method A zone of inhibition
?????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?????. ????? ??????
???????????? ? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ????
????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????
??????????? ???.
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????? 1 ????? 2
????? 3
A
D
B
C
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• ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????
• ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????, ???????
  ?????? ?????? ????????.
• Sterilants ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ("?????
  ??"). ??????? ????? ??????, ?? ????, ??????????
• Disinfectants ???????? ??????? ?? ???????????,
  ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???????. ?????? ??? ??????
  ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????, ???? ????.
• ??????? ???????, ??????? ????.
• Sanitizers ???????, ?? ?? ???????, ?? ?????
  ???????????, ????? ?????? ????. ????? ???????
  ??????? ?????, ??????, ????? ?????...
• ??????? ??????, ?????? ?????, ??????? ???????
• Antiseptics and germicides ???????? ??????? ??
  ?????? ?????, ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????.
  
• ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????.
• ???????
• ??????? (60-85) (?? ????) ???????? ?? ???????,
  ???? ???????.
• ??????? ??????? ???? (??????, ?????, ??????????)
  ???? ?? ?????? ???.
• ?? ???? (3) (?? ????) ????? ???.

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???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????
????? Antiseptics and germicides ????????
??????? ?? ?????? ?????, ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????
?????? ??????. ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??
?????? ?????. ??????? ??????? (60-85) (??
????) ???????? ?? ???????, ???? ???????. ???????
??????? ???? (??????, ?????, ??????????) ???? ??
?????? ???. Chemotherapeutic agents ?????? ?????
?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??
???????????????. ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????
???? ????? ??? ???? ?????????????? ?? ???? ????
??????? ???? ????.
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Ceftriaxone (Ce) Ampicillin (Am)
Nalidixic acid (Na) Ciprofloxacin (Ci)
(Sx)
Chloramphenicol (Ch)
Polymyxin B (Pb) Colistine (Co)
Tetracycline (Te) Streptomycin (St) Neomycin (Ne)
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Growth factor analogs ?????? ???????? ??????
????? ???? ?????, ??? ??????? ???????? ??????
?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????
(1930). ???????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????
?? ????? ?????. ??????????? ????? ??????-???????
????, ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????.
?????
PABA
?? ???????? ??????.
?. ?????
15
???????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???
???????????????, ??????? ?? ??????
??????????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????.
?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????
??????. ?? ????? ??? ????????????? ?????? ??????
????? ????. ?????? ????? ?? ????????????? ?? ???
????? ?? ???????. Broad-spectrum antibiotic
??????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????, ?????
narrow-spectrum ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????????
????.
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?????? ??????? ????? b-Lactams,
Penicillins ??????? ??? ???????????? ???????
?????? (?????) ???? 1929 ?? ??? ??????? ??????,
??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????, ???????
??????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ?? ???? ???
????????????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ?? ??? ??????
Penicillium chrysogenum ?????????? ?????? ??
??????? ?? ???? ???. ??????????? ?? ????
??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??
????????.
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Penicillium notatum
?????? ???????

?????? ?? Staphylococcus aureus
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?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? b-?????,
???? ??? ???? ?????. ??????? ?? ??????? ??????
?????? ?? ??? ????? ? R.
19
?????????? ?????????
20
?????? ???????????, ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????
??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????, ???? ?????? ??
????????????? ??????? ???? b-????. ??? ?????
????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????, ??????? ????
???? ?????. ?????, ???????? ???????????-
??????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????
??????? ?? ????? ??????. ????? ????? ??? ???? ??
?? ???? ???? ???"? ??????
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??????? G, ??????? ??????, ????? ????? ???? ???
???????. ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???
???????. ??????? ?????? 1. ???? ???????
???????? ????? b ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????
?????? ??????, ??? ????? ?????-?? ??????. 2. ???
????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ?? ?????
??????? ?????? ?????? ????. 3. ????? ??????
???????, ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???
???. ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????
?? ?????? ???????, ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????
?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???????, ????? ????? ????
??????? ?? ??? ??????
22
?????? ?????????
23
?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????
(polymyxin) ????? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ?????
???? ?????????. ??? ???? ????????????? ?????? ??
????? ??? ????? ?? ???????. ?? ???? ?????? ??
???????? ????? ???? ??? ??????. ???? ????????
????? ?????? A ????? ? LPS. ????? ????? ??????
???? ??????.
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?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????
????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????
?????????. ??????? ?? ??? ???????. ????????????
??????? ? 1947 ????? ?????? ??????????? ???????
????? ??????? ??? ????. ??????? ???????????,
?'???????.
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?????? ??? ????? S30 ???????????. ????????
?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????????
??????, ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????
???????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ?????
???? ???? ?? ??????. ??????? ???? ???? ??????.
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(No Transcript)
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??????????? ????? ???? ????, ?????? ???? ?? ??
???????? ??? ??????? ????????. ??????? ?? ???
??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???????????
????????. ?????? ??? ?????S 30 ???????????
??????? ????? ?? tRNA. ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????
?????? ?? ????????.
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????. ????? ??? ????? S50 ?? ???????? ????? ??
?????? ????????? ??????? ????????, ?????? ??????
???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????
????? (tRNA) ??????? ??????????, ???? ??????
??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????????. ??????
??? ???? ??? ???? ????????. ??????????? ?? ??
????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????.
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?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? 1. ????? ??????
?? ?????? ?????? 2. ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??
????? ??? 3. ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???
?? ???. Quinolones ????? ?? ?????? ???????
(?? ?????' ????? ??????). ?????? ??????, ???????
?? ????? ???? ?????? ???. ?????? ??? ??? ???????
???? ???????. ??????? ????? ?????????,
?????????????. ???? ???????? ?????? ??????????.
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?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??
???????????? ???
KAYKKSARVVGDVIGKYHPHGDSAVYDTIVRMA KAYKKSARVVGDVIGK
YHPHGDSAVYYTIVRMA KAYKKSARVVGDVIGKYHPHGDSAVYYTIVRM
A KAYKKSARVVGDVIGKYHPHGDSAVYYTIVRMA KAYKKSARVVGDVI
GKYHPHGDSAVYYTIVRMA KAYKKSARVVGDVIGKYHPHGDSAVYYTIV
RMA KAYKKSARVVGDVIGKYHPHGDSAVYYTIVRMA
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???????????? ???? ?????? Antifungal drugs
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?????? ????????????? 1. ??? ????? ?? ????????????
??? ????? ???? ?????????. ????????? ???????
???? ???? ???? ?????? ????????. 2. ????????????
?? ????? ?????????. ??? ???? ??????? ??????
???????? G ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???????
???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????. 3. ?????????
????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????????????. ???????
???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? 4. ?????
??? ????? ?? ???????????? ?? ??? ???????. ??????
?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? 5. ?????
(????) ?????? ??????? ?????? ????. ??????? ????
???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????
????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????. 6. ?????????
???? ????? ?? ???????????? ????? ???.

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????? ????????????.
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37
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???? ???? (???? ?????) ??????????? ?????? ?????
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????????.
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(No Transcript)