Introduction to Molecular Biology for computer scientists

1
Introduction to Molecular Biology (for computer
scientists)
Acknowledgement Later
2

• Two types of cells
• Prokaryotic (bacteria)
• Eukaryotic (multicellular organisms,
• Ameba, )

3
What is a gene?

• To understand that, we have to understand what is
  DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
• DNA is made up of a sequence of 4 different types
  of nucleotides
• (A)denine
• (G)uanine
• (T)hymine
• (C)ytosine

4
(No Transcript)
5
bases
backbone
6
(No Transcript)
7
Complementary DNA (cDNA)
downstream
upstream
http//www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/anisamples/mo
lecularbiology/DNA_structure.html
8
(No Transcript)
9
Central Dogma, phase I Transcription
(2nd key, May not be there)
(1st key)
intron
intron
exon
exon
exon
start
stop
5 UTR
3 UTR
promoter
TF
5
3
cap
pore
Nuclear membrane
Transcription http//henge.bio.miami.edu/mallery/
movies/transcription.mov
Splicing the introns http//www.sumanasinc.com/we
bcontent/anisamples/molecularbiology/mRNAsplicing.
html
10
(No Transcript)
11
Central Dogma, Phase II Translation
Nuclear membrane
..
ATG
condons
..
Amino acid sequence

• List of amino acids and their abbreviations
• http//www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/Molbio/aatable
  .html
• The genetic code
• http//users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/Biology
  Pages/C/Codons.html
• 64 possible condons
• 3 useless condon UGA, UAG, UAA for stop
  condon
• 61 condons to encode 20 amino acid, amino acid
  has multiple encoding

12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
Protein foldinghttp//parasol.tamu.edu/groups/ama
togroup/research/folding/proteinA.php
Amino acid sequence ? secondary structure ?
tertiary structure
Amino acid sequence
18
Class project
19
Gene Annotation System
(2nd key, May not be there)
(1st key)
intron
intron
exon
exon
exon
start
stop
5 UTR
3 UTR
promoter
TF
5
TATA
acceptor
donor
splice sites

• Project assigned according to
• My students
• Extremely interested want a GOOD master thesis
  or Ph.D.
• Just want to find out
• Just want to fill up credit hours

BIG (Bioinformatics Group) meeting Every
Wednesday 1130 am -1230 pm (open to public)
1230 pm 130 pm (closed to public) All are
welcome BUT I assume that you have studied the
material in these slides. It is not required that
you attend. Group 3-4 only need to know handout.