Application Timing for Maximum Efficacy of

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Application Timing for Maximum Efficacy
of Insecticides to Control European and Common
Crane Fly Larvae in the Pacific Northwest
G.K. Stahnke, A.L. Antonelli, E.D. Miltner, M. J.
Johns, P.R. Corpuz and N.P.
Aviles
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T. Oleracea L. female Found in WA in 1998 and in
Quebec, Canada in 2004
T. Paludosa Meigen female Found in WA in 1967 and
moved south to northern California by 1999
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BC
v
Ontario
v
Quebec
v
v
WA
v
Quebec City
v
v
v
v
Toronto
v
v
v
OR
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
Slide of locations
CA
VA
AL
TX
2005 Crane Fly Larval Locations in United States
and Canada
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Common Crane Fly Oviposition
Common Crane Fly Oviposition
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Crane fly core sampling to make larval counts
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Crane Fly Larvae Reduction Trials
Timing for Applications

• Oviposition for European Crane Fly (ECF) egg to
• 1st instar CCF 2nd to 3rd instar
  (September 15)
• ECF 1st instar to 2nd instar CCF- egg to 1st
  instar
• (November 15)
• ECF Late 3rd instar CCF- 4th instar, adult to
  egg lay
• (February to March 15)

Applications made with CO2 sprayer with 8003 flat
fan nozzles. 207 KPa and a spray volume of 0.12 L
m-2.
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Table 1. Oviposition timing for control of larval
crane flies on colonial bentgrass (25
Sept. 2001)
Rate Avg. crane fly Treatment
Formulation kg ai ha 1 larvae m -2
Untreated 280.5 a Trichlorfon
6.2G 9.11 132.0 ab Imidacloprid
0.2G 0.28 78.3 b Thiamethoxam 25WG
0.30 78.3 b Cyfluthrin 0.1G
0.15 45.4 b Imidacloprid 0.2
0.37 33.0 b LSD 179.0 Means
within columns followed by the same letter are
not significantly different according to Fishers
projected LSD (P 0.05).
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Table 2. Fall crane fly larval control on
Kentucky bluegrass-fine fescue (15
Nov. 2000)
Rate Avg. crane
fly Treatment Formulation kg
ai ha 1 larvae m -2
Beauveria bassiana JW1 7.2FL 7.42x1010
1154.6 a Imidacloprid 0.2G 0.28
816.7 ab Untreated 808.1 b Beauveria
bassiana JW1 7.2FL 7.42x1010 762.9
bc Thiamethoxam 25WG
0.30 713.4 bcd Cyfluthrin 0.1G
0.15 705.9 bcd LSD 340.0 Rate
is expressed as spores ha-1 (2.3 x 107 spores
ml-1 of product) Means within columns followed
by the same letter are not significantly
different according to Fishers projected
LSD (P 0.05). 2 apps. 10 days apart
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Table 2. Fall crane fly larval control on
Kentucky bluegrass-fine fescue (15
Nov. 2000) (contd. 1)
Rate Avg. crane
fly Treatment Formulation kg
ai ha 1 larvae m -2
Imidacloprid 0.2G 0.37 697.3 bcd
Beauveria bassiana JW1 7.2FL
3.71x1010 717.7 bcde Imidacloprid 0.5G
0.34 614.4 bcde Trichlorfon
1.5G 1.69 557.4
bcdef Pyriproxyfen 11.2EC 0.20 535.9
bcdef Cyfluthrin 0.1G 0.10
524.0 bcdef Imidacloprid 0.5G 0.44
458.4 cdef LSD 340.0 Rate
is expressed as spores ha-1 (2.3 x 107 spores
ml-1 of product)
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Table 2. Fall crane fly larval control on
Kentucky bluegrass-fine fescue (15
Nov. 2000) (contd. 2)
Rate Avg. crane
fly Treatment Formulation kg
ai ha 1 larvae m -2
Trichlorfon 6.2G 6.08 404.6
def Lambda-cyhalothrin 10WP
0.13 326.0 efg Trichlorfon 6.2G
9.11 313.1 efg Bifenthrin (Talstar FL)
7.9FL 0.25 280.8 efg Acephate (97)
97WG 4.13 231.3 fg Bifenthrin
(Talstar PL) 0.2 0.45 40.9
g Chlorpyrifos (Dursban DTI) 4EC
1.12 21.5 g LSD 340.0
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Table 3. Fall crane fly larval control on
Kentucky bluegrass-fine fescue
(20 Nov. 2001)
Rate Avg. crane
fly Treatment Formulation
kg ai ha 1 larvae m -2
Imidacloprid 0.5G 0.44 1006.4
a Halofenozide 22.3FL 1.78
1002.3 a Methoprene 20EC 0.64
886.8 ab Fluvalinate 0.2G
0.18 874.5 ab Halofenozide 1.5G
2.21 800.2 abc Cyfluthrin 0.75EW
0.14 791.9 abc Imidacloprid 0.5G
0.34 746.7 abc Halofenozide 1.5G
1.69 705.3 abc LSD
359.4 Means within columns followed by the same
letter are not significantly different according
to Fishers projected LSD (P 0.05).
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Table 3. Fall crane fly larval control on
Kentucky bluegrass-fine
fescue (20 Nov. 2001) (contd.)
Rate Avg. crane
fly Treatment Formulation
kg ai ha 1 larvae m -2
Cyfluthrin 0.1G 0.15 635.2
bc Acephate (97) 97WG 4.13 618.7
bc Thiamethoxam 25WG 0.30 610.4
bc Trichlorfon 6.2G 9.11 606.3
bc Untreated 594.0
bc Lambda-cyhalothrin 10WP 0.13
507.3 c Bifenthrin (Talstar FL) 0.2FL
0.45 82.5 d Bifenthrin (Talstar PL)
0.2G 0.45 41.2 d Chlorpyrifos
(Dursban DTI) 4EC 1.12 8.3
d LSD 359.4
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Table 4. Spring crane fly larval control on
Kentucky bluegrass-fine fescue (15 Jan.
2004)
Rate Avg. crane fly Treatment
Formulation kg ai ha 1
larvae m -2
Untreated 107.6 a Carbaryl (Sevin
SL) 43FL 9.0 32.3
b Bifenthrin (Talstar EZ) 0.2G 0.45
20.4 b Bifenthrin (One) 7.9GL
0.22 20.4 b Bifenthrin (One) 7.9FL
0.11 19.4 b Bifenthrin (Talstar EZ)
0.2G 0.22 16.1
b Chlorpyrifos (Dursban DTI) 4EC 1.12
11.8 b Bifenthrin (Onyx)
23.3EC 0.11 4.3 b Bifenthrin
(Talstar PL) 0.2G 0.45 4.3
b Bifenthrin (Onyx) 23.3EC 0.22 4.3
b Bifenthrin (Talstar PL) 0.2G
0.22 0.0 b LSD 33.1
Means within columns followed by the same letter
are not significantly different according to
Fishers projected LSD (P 0.05).
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Table 5. Spring crane fly larval control
colonial bentgrass- annual
bluegrass-perennial ryegrass (18Feb. 2002)
Rate Avg. crane fly
Treatment Formulation kg ai ha 1
larvae m -2
Untreated 268.1 a Acephate
97 WG 4.13 226.8 ab Carbaryl (Sevin
SL) 43 SL 4.5 107.3
bc Carbaryl (Sevin SL) 43 SL 9.0
41.2 c Bifenthrin (Talstar PL) 0.2 G
0.45 24.8 c Chlorpyrifos (Dursban DTI) 4
EC 1.12 20.7 c LSD 120.5
Means within columns followed by the same letter
are not significantly different according to
Fishers projected LSD (P 0.05).
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Table 6. Spring crane fly larval control colonial
bentgrass- annual bluegrass-perennial
ryegrass (5 Mar. 2002)
Rate Avg. crane fly
Treatment Formulation kg ai ha 1
larvae m -2
Untreated 173.2 a Bifenthrin (Talstar
EZ) 0.2 G 0.45 24.8 b LSD
125.9 Means within columns followed by the
same letter are not significantly different
according to Fishers projected LSD (P 0.05).
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Table 7. Spring crane fly larval control on
Kentucky bluegrass-fine fescue (15 Mar.
2001)
Rate Avg. crane fly
Treatment Formulation kg
ai ha 1 larvae m 2
Untreated 123.7 a Lambda-Cyhalothrin
(Scimitar) 10 WP 0.13 78.6 Bifenthrin
(Talstar PL) 0.2 G 0.45 40.9
b LSD 51.2 Means within columns
followed by the same letter are not significantly
different according to Fishers projected LSD (P
0.05).
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Summary

• At oviposition, imidacloprid (0.28 and0.37 kg ai
  ha-1),
• cyfluthrin and thiamethoxam, significantly
  reduced larval
• numbers by 72, 88,84 and 72, respectively.

• Late fall applications (Nov.) of imidacloprid
  (0.44kg at ha-1),
• trichlorfon, lambda-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin,
  chlorpyrifos
• and acephate provided significant larval
  reduction.

• Early spring applications (Jan.-Feb) of
  bifenthrin (both
• granular and liquid forms) and carbaryl
  (9.0 kg ai ha-1),
• reduced larvae by 93 to 85, respectively.

• Late spring applications of bifenthrin (early
  March) reduced
• larval numbers by 86, while mid-March
  applications only
• reduced larval numbers by 67.

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Conclusions
For unthrifty and newly established turfgrass
areas, which are more susceptible to ECF and CCF
damage, an application of imidacloprid would be
effective in reducing larval populations in
September at oviposition.
Healthy, established turfgrass can be monitored
in late fall or early spring for larval numbers
above the threshold of 269 m-2, with an
application of bifenthrin or the higher rate of
carbaryl applied to reduce larval populations to
limit damage to the turfgrass.
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Happy Trails!!!