Carribean

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Carribean
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Introducing the Puritans

• Covenant and Community

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A Model of Christian Charity

• Write down three precepts of Christian community
  according to John Winthrop.
• Do any of Winthrops ideas seem to be opposed to
  Christian charity?

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The Branches of Protestantism

• Anglican (Church of England)
• Lutheran
• CalvinistPresbyterians, Congregationalists

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Key Puritan Terms

• Providence-Gods maintaining and directing
  everything in the universe
• Predestination-God predetermines who is to be
  damned (also called reprobation) and elects who
  is to be saved (also called regeneration). Also
  God is actively and directly involved in the
  affairs of nations and of individuals

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• Natural depravity refers to human nature that
  is, every human being is by nature corrupt and
  perverted as a result of Adam and Eve's fall.
• Regenerate or regenreated describes the converted
  individual regeneration is, .a sovereign gift of
  God, graciously bestowed. Only God can determine
  who should be saved

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Covenant Theology

• Covenants, in theology, are the promises which
  God makes to human beings and which are recorded
  in the Bible.
• The Covenant of Works held that God promised Adam
  and his progeny eternal life if they obeyed moral
  law. After Adam broke this covenant, God made a
  new Covenant of Grace with Abraham (Genesis
  18-19).
• Covenant of Grace. God's promise to send his
  Spirit to the elect so that they believe in Jesus
  Christ as the Son of God. The basis of this
  covenant is the frequently repeated statement in
  the Bible, " I will be your God, and ye shall be
  my people." This covenant restores man to a
  normal relation with God.
• (see p. 40, left column in reader. Winthrop
  distinguishes betw. grace and works)
• Covenant of Redemption. The Covenant of
  Redemption was assumed to be preexistent to the
  Covenant of Grace. It held that Christ, who
  freely chose to sacrifice himself for fallen man,
  bound God to accept him as man's representative.
  Having accepted this pact, God is then committed
  to carrying out the Covenant of Grace. According
  to Perry Miller, as one contemporary source put
  it, "God covenanted with Christ that if he would
  pay the full price for the redemption of
  beleevers, they should be discharged. Christ hath
  paid the price, God must be unjust, or else hee
  must set thee free from all iniquitie" (New
  England Mind 406).

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Contract Theory

• Social contract-man is born free, but willingly
  gives up some freedom in exchange for the
  benefits of civilization
• (John Locke and Thomas Hobbes are usually given
  credit for social contract theory. Rousseau was
  also an important theorist of the social
  contract.)

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Winthrop and the Covenant

• Emphasis on contractual relationships became a
  controlling metaphor for Puritans in their social
  as well as their religious thought (Francis J.
  Bremer, Encyclopedia of Religion)
• Winthrop For the work we have in hand, it is by
  mutual consent to seek out a place of
  cohabitation and consortship, under a due form of
  government both civil and ecclesiastical
• Thus stands the cause between God and us we are
  entered into covenant with Him for his work we
  have taken out a commission, the Lord hath given
  us leave to draw our own articles.

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Bradford and the Covenant

• Where in the excerpt of Bradfords history that
  we read does the covenant play an important role?

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The Mayflower Compact

• P. 36 (right)

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John Locke, 1632-1704

• Locke holds that the mind is a tabula rasa or
  blank sheet until experience in the form of
  sensation and reflection provide the basic
  materials simple ideas out of which most of
  our more complex knowledge is constructed.
• --Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

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Tabula Rasa

• The New World is also treated as a tabula rasa, a
  place where civilization can be remade from
  scratch. One of the greatest myths about America
  is that it is a land of new beginnings, a land
  where one can start over with a clean slate.

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The New England Way

• SELF-GOVERNMENT based on the idea of
  Congregationalismlocal control over religious
  and political matters
• LIMITED GOVERNMENT If man, conceived in original
  cannot govern himself, how can he be trusted to
  govern others?
• INDIVIDUALISM.  Man has a one-on-one relationship
  with God, and everyone should be able to
  interpret the Bible for himself or herself This
  reliance of the Bible had an obvious effect on
  education and literacy.
• The COMMUNITYS RIGHT TO CONTROL all its members
  in the common interest.  Strict laws and rigid
  enforcement were necessary whenever the community
  was held to be threatened from within or without.