Pheromone Traps and their Application in Management of Insect Pests

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Pheromone Traps and their Application in
Management of Insect Pests

• S. N. Tiwari , Department of Entomology
• A.K Agnihotri, Department of Soil Science
• G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and
  Technology
• Pantnagar-263 145, Udham Singh Nagar
• Uttaranchal, India

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What is pheromone?

• Pheromone are exocrine secretions of insects
  which are used for commu-nication among different
  individuals of the species.

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Types of pheromones insect produce

• Sex Pheromone brings together opposite sexesfor
  mating.
• Aggregation pheromone attracts both sexes
  generally for feeding on food source or for
  mating.
• Alarm Pheromone alerts other individuals to some
  source of danger.
• Trail pheromone marks a trail laid by pioneering
  individuals towards a source of food or refuge.
  Other individuals follow it to reach the source.
• Social pheromone governs interaction among
  organized societies.

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Chemical constituents

• Helicoverpa armigera
• (Z)-11-hexadecenal and
• (Z)-9-hexadecenal (973)
• Pectinophora gossypiella
• cis cis and cis trans isomers of hexa decadienyl
  acetate and (EE)-7,11-hexadecadiene-1-ol-acetate
  (11)
• Spodoptera litura
• (Z,E) 9, 11 tetra decadienyl acetate and (Z,E) 9,
  12 tetra decadienyl acetate (101)

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Chemical constituents

• Scirpophaga incertulas
• (Z)-9-hexadecenal and
• (Z)-11-hexadecenal (13)
• Sesamia inferens
• (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate
• (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol and
• (Z)-11-hexadecenal (410.1)

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Chemical constituents

• Mythimna separata
• (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate
• (Z)-11-hexadecenal-1-ol(81)
• Agrotis ypsilon
• (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate
• (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate and
• (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (3115)

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Chemical constituents

• Sitotroga cerealella
• (Z,E)-7,11-hexadecediene 1-ol-acetate
• Plodia interpunctella
• (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecediene 1-ol-acetate
• (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecediene 1-ol

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Chemical constituents

• Sitophilus oryzae
• (R,5)-4-methyle-5-hydroxy 3-heptanone
• Rhyzopertha dominica
• 1-methylbutyl(e)-2methyl-2-pentenoate1-methyl
  butyl (e)-2,4-dimethyl-22-pentenoate

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Fly water trap
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Plastic moth trap
11
Funnel trap
12
Sleeve trap
13
Sleeve trap
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Delta trap
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Liquibaitor fruitfly trap
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Use of pheromones in IPM

• Monitoring of insect pests
• Control of pest by mass trapping or male
  annihilation technique
• Control of pest by mating disruption
• Control by Lure and Kill method

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Monitoring of insect pests --- orchards

• Codling moth USA, Europe, Asia, Australia
• Summer fruit tortrix Europe
• Plum fruit tortrix Europe
• Oriental fruit moth USA, Europe, Australia,
  S.Africa
• Grape moth Europe, USA
• Olive moth Spain, Greece, Itly
• Olive fly Spain, Greece, Itly
• Mediterranean fruit fly Worldwide
• Oriental fruit fly Worldwide
• Melon fly Worldwide
• California red scale USA, Israel
• Yellow scale USA
• San Jose Scale USA

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Monitoring of insect pests --- forest pests

• Spruce budworm Canada
• Gypsy moth Canada, USA
• Pine beauty moth UK
• Leopard moth Europe, Israel
• South pine beetle USA
• Spruce pine beetle USA
• Ambrosia beetle USA
• Spruce bark beetle Europe
• Pine beetle Europe

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Monitoring of insect pests --- field crop pests

• Pea moth UK, Europe
• Diamond back moth USA, Europe, India, SE Asia
• Pink bollworm USA, Peru, Israel, Egypt, India,
  Pakistan
• Tobacco budworm USA
• Corn earworm USA
• American bollworm India, Egypt, Pakistan,
  Australia
• Spiny bollworm Egypt, India, Pakistan
• Spotted bollworm India, Pakistan
• Tobacco caterpillar India, Japan
• Boll weevil USA
• Sweet potato weevil USA
• Fruit fly India
• Brinjal fruit shoot borer India
• Sugarcane early shoot borer India
• Rice yellow stem borer India, Pakistan,
  Bangladesh

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Monitoring of insect pests --- storage and
household pests

• Warehouse moth
• Indian meal moth
• Grain moth
• Maize weevil
• Rice weevil
• Lesser grain borer
• Larger grain borer
• Dermestid beetle
• Rust red flour beetle
• Cigarette beetle
• Saw toothed grain beetle
• Cockroaches
• House fly

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Control of pest by mass trapping or male
annihilation technique

• Spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus in
  forest(Scandinavia)
• Fir beetle, Dendroctomus sp.in forest(USA,Canada)
  
• Boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis in cotton(USA)
• Palm weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum in oil
  palm(Costa Rica)
• Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica in turf
  grass(USA)
• Olive fly, Dacus oleae in olives(spain, Greece)
• Housefly, Musca domestica in household(worldwide)
  
• Cockroaches, Blatella germanica, Periplaneta
  Americana in household(worldwide)
• Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar in forest(USA,
  Canada)
• Coco pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella in
  cocoa(Malayasia)
• Beet army worm, Spodoptera litura in
  vegetables(Japan)
• Yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas in
  rice(India)

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Control of pest by mating disruption

• Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella in
  cotton(USA)
• Grape moth in grapes (Germany, France, Spain,
  Italy)
• Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta in
  peaches (Australia, France, Italy, S.Africa, USA)
  
• Codling moth, Laspeyresis pomonella in apples
  (Switzerland, Germany, USA, Australia)
• Rice stem bore, Chilo suppressalis in rice
  (Spain)
• Tomato pinworm, Keifera lycopersicella in
  tomatoes(USA, Mexico)
• Articoke plume moth, Platyptilia carduidactyla in
  artichokes(USA)
• Tea tortrix, Homona magnanima, Adoxophytse spp.
  in tea(Japan)
• Tree borer, Synathethedon spp. in apricots(Japan)

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Control using the Lure and Kill method

• Pectinophora gossypiella in cotton(USA, Egypt)
• Housefly, Musca domestica in household
  (worldwide)
• Olive fly, Dacus oleae in olives(Greece, Spain)
• Mediterranean fruitfly, Ciratitis capitata in
  soft fruits (Hawaii, USA, Japan, Greece, Spain)

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A case study

• Management of yellow stem borer of rice through
  pheromone mediated mass trapping of male

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Different stages of Yellow Stem Borer
Egg mass
Larva
White head
White head
Female
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White heads
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White heads() in insecticide-treated plots of
Pant Dhan 12

Rs.1450/ha
Rs.2150/ha
Rs.2850/ha
Rs.1772/ha
Rs.2334/ha
Rs.2896/ha
Rs.3115/ha
Rs.4055/ha
Rs.4995/ha
Rs.1904/ha
Rs.0000/ha
Chlorpyriphos 1000500
Cartap 800300
Fipronil 7550
CFN 750 MC400
UT
Chlorpyriphos
All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project
Pantnagar Center
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Dead hearts and white heads() in Basmati rice
installed with pheromone traps (CRC 01)
Rs. 600/ha
August 2001
September 01
October 2001
Frontline Demonstrations by GBPUAT, Pantnagar
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Dead hearts and white heads() in Basmati rice
installed with pheromone traps (CRC 02)
Rs. 700/ha
August 02
September 02
October 2002
Frontline Demonstrations by GBPUAT, Pantnagar
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White heads() in Basmati rice installed with
pheromone traps (Pratappur)

Rs. 600/ha only
Frontline Demonstrations by GBPUAT, Pantnagar
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Dead hearts and white heads() in rice installed
with pheromone trap (Univ.Farm)

Rs. 600/ha only
Basmati 1
Pant Dhan 4
Ratna
Ratna
Pusa 44
Frontline Demonstrations by GBPUAT, Pantnagar
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Cost of different protection measures
Frontline Demonstrations by GBPUAT, Pantnagar
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Male annihilation technique

• Rate 20 traps/ha
• Lure 3,5 10mg
• Lure effect
• 3mg-3 week
• 5mg-1 month
• 10mg- Full season
• Installation Row 25X20
• Height 50cm.100cm

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To ensure the effectiveness

• Ascertain the quality of lure
• Ascertain the quantity of pheromone
• Install the trap at right time
• Endemic pockets with in 1-2 weeks
• Others after monitoring
• Install the trap at straight stick/log
• Maintain proper distance between traps
• Maintain proper height of the traps

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To ensure the effectiveness

• Take care of the polythene sleeve
• puncture lower end
• tie lower end to log
• replace damaged sleeve
• Relocate the traps displaced in bad weather
• Replace lure timely

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Effectiveness of different protection measures
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Effectiveness of different protection measures
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Effectiveness of different protection measures
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Effectiveness of different protection measures
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Management of yellow stem borer through pheromone
mediated mass trapping of male

• Highly effective
• Most eco-friendly
• Cheapest
• Best

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THANKS