An Overview of Anatomy and Physiology

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An Overview of Anatomy and Physiology

• Chapter one pages 2-3

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What is Anatomy

• Means to cut apart
• Studies the structure of body parts and there
  relationship to one another
• It is concrete meaning that you can touch, see,
  and feel what you are studying

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Physiology

• Deals with the function of the body
• How the body works and carries out the
  life-sustaining activities
• Reference male and female (22yr old 155 lb male
  or 125lb female)

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Gross Anatomy

• Also called Macroscopic anatomy
• Study of large body structures visible to the
  naked eye (Heart, Lungs, Kidney)
• Dissection of preserved animals or their organs
  takes place to further understanding

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Three ways to study Gross anatomy

• Regional anatomy
• All structures (muscle, bone, blood vessels,
  nerves) in an area are studied at the same time
• Examples are the abdomen and leg regions

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Gross anatomy Continued

• Systemic anatomy
• Body structure is studied system by system
• Cardiovascular system you would study the heart,
  heart valves, arteries, veins, and blood

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Gross Anatomy continued

• Surface anatomy
• Study of internal structures as they are related
  to the overlying skin surface
• Landmark anatomy used to locate certain
  important locations, such as pulse, drawing
  blood, or injection sites

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Microscopic anatomy

• Deals with structures too small to be seen with
  the naked eye
• Thin slices of body tissues are studied through a
  microscope
• Subdivisions of microscopic anatomy
  Histology-study of tissue Cytology-study of
  cells of the body

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Types of Anatomy

• Developmental Anatomy
• Traces structural changes that occur in the body
  throughout your life span
• Examples are Secondary sexual characteristics,
  larynx change

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Embryology

• Subdivision of developmental anatomy
• Concerned with the developmental changes that
  take place before birth
• Ultrasound techniques can check for developmental
  progress

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Specialized Branches of Anatomy

• Pathological anatomy- studies changes brought on
  by disease
• Molecular anatomy- Study of structure of
  biological molecules
• Radiographic anatomy- Use of X-rays or special
  scanning techniques to study internal strtuctures

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Tools to study Anatomy

• Mastery of anatomical terms
• Observation
• Manipulation
• Palpation
• ausculation

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• Palpation- feeling organs with your hands
• Ausculation- listening to organs with a
  stethoscope
• Manipulate- working a joint to determine its
  range of motion (ROM)

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Topics of Physiology

• Has sub-divisions that look at the operation of
  specific organ system
• Revels the animated nature of the body (Body in
  motion)
• Physiology often focuses on activity at the
  cellular level, because the bodys function
  depends on this level
• Physics of the body

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Complementarity of Structure and Function

• Hard to study the two separately
• Function always reflects structure
• Bones protect because of the minerals in them