Cell Structure

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Cell Structure Function

• Ribosomes
• Endomembrane System
• Ch. 3 p. 63

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Ribosome Composed of 2 subunits

• Located
• Free in cytoplasm
• Attached to ER.
• Site for protein synthesis

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Endomembrane System

• Nuclear Envelope
• Endopasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Golgi Apparatus
• Lysosomes
• Vesicles
• All of these work together to produce secrete a
  product.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Complicated system of membranous channels
  flattened vesicles.
• Physically connected to the outer membrane of the
  nuclear envelope.
• Rough ER
• Studded w/ribosomes
• Proteins synthesized here are packaged shipped
  to exit the cell.
• Smooth ER
• No ribosomes here

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Golgi Apparatus

• Consists of stacks of curved saccules whose
  appearance is similar to a stack of pancakes.
• Frequently, vesicles lysosomes are seen at the
  edges of the saccules for export.

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Golgi Apparatus

• Receives protein and/or lipid-filled vesicles
  that bud from the ER.
• Processing and Packaging occur in the saccules.
• Contains enzymes that modify proteins and lipids.
• Add proteins lipids to a chain of sugars making
  them glycoproteins/glycolipids (These are found
  in the plasma membrane).

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Mitochondria

• Powerhouse of the Cell
• Bounded by Double membrane.
• Site of ATP production
• As Carbohydrates are broken down ATP is made.
• (Cellular Respiration.)

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Cellular Respiration

• Carbohydrate Oxygen Carbon DioxideWater
• C6H12O6 O2 CO2 H2O

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Cytoskeleton

• Microtubules
• Hollow cylinders protein tubulin
• Maintains cell shape and provide track for
  organelles to move.
• During cell division
• Form spindle fibers assist in movement of
  chromosome.

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Cytoskeleton
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Centrioles

• Short cylinders
• Pattern of microtubules
• A pair are found in the centrosome near the
  nucleus.
• Cell Division
• Duplicate and separate so each new cell gets one
  centrosome.

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Projections of cells that can move.

• Cilia

• Flagella

• Shorter than flagella
• Capable of moving material along the surface of
  the cell.

• Sperm cells carry genetic material to the egg by
  means of flagella.

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Did We Meet these Objectives?

• Describe the structure and function of ribosomes.
• What organelles make up the endomembrane system?
• Describe the structure function of the ER.
• Rough, Smooth include ribosomes in your
  description.
• Describe the structure and function of Golgi
  Apparatus (use vesicles and lysosomes in
  description).

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Did We Meet these Objectives?

• 5. What is the cytoskeleton and what role does it
  play in cells?
• 6. Describe the structure function of
  centrioles. (mitotic spindle)