Ancient Egypt

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Ancient Egypt
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Egypt The Nile

• Originally called Kemet, after the black soil
  that was located there.
• Later named Egypt by Greeks

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Nile Valley

• Nile Stretches 4,160 miles (worlds longest
  river).
• Begins in a mountainous region and flows downhill
  towards Mediterranean Sea
• Before emptying, marshy Nile Delta begins.
• In springtime the Nile floods deposits fertile
  silt.

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Early Peoples

• As early as 5000 years ago man began to settle in
  the Nile valley.
• Leaders united these early peoples into kingdoms.
• By 4000 BCE two main kingdoms dominated.
• Upper- southern Egypt
• Lower- northern Egypt

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Narmer (Menes)

• Around 3000 BCE, the king of upper Egypt heads
  north to conquer lower Egypt.
• Capital City of Memphis.
• First Dynasty in Egyptian history.

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The Old Kingdom

• 2700-2200 BCE
• Governed by a theocracy government religion
  ruled by same group or person.
• Pharaoh religious and govt. leader of Ancient
  Egypt.
• Delegated many responsibilities to bureaucracy.

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The Pyramids

• Step Pyramid built for king Djoser (zoser). A
  collection of Mastabahs
• Later Egyptians built 3 pyramids at Giza (largest
  is the Great Pyramid, 481 feet high).
• Pyramids served as tombs for Pharaohs

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Ancient Egypt

• The Middle and New Kingdoms

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Decline and Chaos

• Around 2200 BCE The kings of Memphis begin to
  lose power.
• Violence and upheaval plagued the dynasties of
  the Old Kingdom
• Around 2050 the capital is moved to Thebes and a
  new dynasty begins.

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The Theban Kings

• Power matches that of Memphis and the Old Kingdom
• Supported new projects
• Built Canals
• Irrigation Ditches
• Traded with other nations
• Arabian Peninsula
• African Nations

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Hyksos Rule

• 1700BCE Local leaders began to challenge the rule
  of the Thebans
• Hyksos, a people from western Asia swept into
  Egypt
• Bronze Weapons
• Horse Drawn Chariots
• Hyksos rule Egypt for 110 years

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The Fall of the Hyksos

• Egyptians gained the skills of the Hyksos and
  turned against them.
• Khamose Ahmose

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The New Kingdom
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Rule of Ahmose

• 1600BCE Ahmose gathers forces and drives out the
  Hyksos
• This Begins the New Kingdom
• Extends empire to the East and North

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Rebuilding Egypt

• First Ahmose then Hatshepsut are dedicated to
  restoring the glory of Egypt.
• 1480 Hatshepsut comes to power, rules over Egypt
  as Pharaoh (film info)
• Builds up city of Thebes. With obelisks and
  statues

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Thutmose III

• Takes Control and continues to gain territory for
  Egypt
• Battle of Megiddo is a success
• Erases Hatshepsut from records

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Amenhotep IV

• He and his wife Nefertiti founds new religion
  based on single god. First Monotheists in world
  history!
• Aton- The sun disk god
• Amenhotep changes his name to Akhenaton (meaning
  spirit of Aton)
• Moves capital out of Thebes to show break from
  the past

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New Faith New Problems

• Akhenaton concentrated on spreading new religion.
  Spent money and time on faith and neglected the
  state
• As a result Egypt lost territory old priests
  became angry
• When Akhenaton dies the old Polytheistic religion
  comes back

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Back to Thebes

• After Death of Akhenaton the priests force
  Tutankhamen to reinstate the Polytheistic
  Religion and Theban Capital city
• New Dynasty is established after Tuts death.

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Ramses II Decline

• Rules Egypt for 67 years
• Believed to be the Biblical Pharaoh that
  tormented Moses
• After his death in 1237 Egypt begins a decline
• In 945 Lybians and Kushites take control of Nile
  Valley

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HOMEWORK(You have to take your textbook home)

• Complete the following vocabulary words
• Pharaoh
• Giza
• Dynasty
• Polytheism
• Irrigation
• scribe