Review Exam II

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Review Exam II

• Cambodia
• Thailand
• Myanmar

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Exam II

• 40 points
• 2 slides (subject, date, period date, country,
  facts)
  
• Comparison and contrast (2 slides)
• Focus periods between 12th-14th centuries,
  religious concepts, historical information,
  architectural techniques, media

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Religion

• Thailand and Burma (12th-14th) Theravada
  Buddhism art focuses on life of the Buddha
  
• Cambodia Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism Hindu
  art Siva and Vishnu, the Churning of the Sea of
  Milk, historical events Mahayana art Buddha
  protected by Nagahoods, Lokesvara, and
  Prajnaparamita
• Animistic practices

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Angkor Wat

• King Suryavarman II (c. 1112-1150 CE)
• Hindu temple, facing West (direction of death),
  associates with Vishnu
  
• It symbolizes the center of the universe, Mount
  Meru
  
• The moat symbolizes the oceans surrounding the
  earth
  
• The succession of concentric galleries represent
  the mountain ranges that surround Mount Meru
  
• The towers (Gopura) represent the mountains
  peaks
  
• It was converted to Theravada temple in the 15th
  century

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3.29 Angkor Wat, early 12th century
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The Bayon temple

• Built during the reign of King Jayavarman VII
  (late 12th to 13th centuries)
  
• Temple facing East and West direction
• It is built in Greek cross plan the main shrine
  is circular in shape and has 12 subsidiary
  chapels radiating out from it.
  
• There were 49 towers (only 37 are standing) each
  has four colossal heads, dominate the four
  quarters of the world
  
• The main temple is surrounded by rectangular
  roofed galleries which are punctuated by towers
  at the corners and at the center of each side at
  ground level, outer closure,, is surrounded by a
  a gallery with corner pavilions and gopuras
• Between 2nd and 3rd enclosure are 16 large
  chapels where Buddhist deities were housed.
  

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The Bayon temple

• At the S gate is a bridge that represents the
  churning of the Sea of Milk Naga represents
  rainbow and bridge of heaven crossing from the
  world of man to the world of gods

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Thai Art

• Sukhothai (13th-15th centuries) Walking Buddha,
  the Descent from Heaven, and Buddhist painting
  Thai Buddha images sitting, standing, walking,
  and reclining
• Most popular hand gestures earth-touching hand
  gesture and meditation
  
• Follows the 32 major characteristics and 80 minor
  characteristics
  
• Media stone, brick and stucco, bronze

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159 Seated Buddha in earth-touching hand gesture,
Sukhothai, 14th century
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158 Walking Buddha, Sukhothai, 14th century
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161 Birth scene of the Buddha, Ayutthaya, 1776
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Ananda Temple

• Built during the reign of King Kyanzittha
• (r. 1084-1111)
• Greek Crossed (Cruciform) plan square shape
  topped with a tapering pagoda (172 feet from the
  base)
  
• Four standing Buddhas each enshrined in a nich
• Interior has life scenes of the Buddha (389
  scenes) and last ten jatakas
  

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Colossal Buddha image, Ananda temple
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Andagu Tablet