Settling the Chesapeake and the Introduction of Slavery

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SettlingtheChesapeakeand theIntroductionofSl
avery
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The Chesapeake

• King James issued the first Virginia Charter on
  April 10, 1606.
• The following December 104 men and boy landed
  with instructions to establish a fortified
  outpost about 100 miles up a large navigable
  river they chose the James River.
• Almost immediately, disappointed that treasures
  were not laying on the ground for the taking,
  problems arose and by 1609 the Virginia Company
  began to attempt to obtain a new charter so they
  could reorganize the colony.
• Because of a lack of leadership, starvation was a
  real possibility during the winter of 1609-1610.
• In June 1610 the Virginia settlers vacated the
  colony they met Lord De La Warr as they traveled
  down the James who established rule by martial
  law and forced the settlers to return saving the
  colony.
• John Rolfe experimented with a local weed
  tobacco and discovering that it was milder than
  the tobacco of the West Indies exported a small
  portion and almost immediately it caught on with
  European smokers who preferred the milder taste.

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Captain John Smith
Pocahantas
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The Headright System

• England had __________ __________
• Virginia had __________ __________
• 50 acres free land to those who _______ _______
  _______ _______
• 50 acres free land to those who _______ _______
  _______ _______
• 50 acres after __ years if _______ _______
  _______ _______.
• Tremendous incentive to _______ _______ _______
  _______
• To _______ _______, offered chance to _______
  _______ _______
• Between 1619 1624 more than 4,500 settlers
  arrived

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The House of BurgessesFirst _______ _______
_______ in North America1619
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The Powhatan Wars
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Potential Sources of Laborers

• __________ __________
• __________
• __________

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Indentured Servitude

• Seemed to solve two problems
• ______________ in ______________
• __________ __________ _______ __________
• Characteristics of Indentured Contracts
• Passage paid in exchange for XX years of service
  determined by the age at the time the contract
  was made
• Servants provided with proper ____ and ____ and
  ______ at the end of the contract
• Despite apparent legal safeguards, ________ could
  treat _________ ________ as they ______ they
  were ______ _________ _________.
• Problems
• _______ _______ _______
• _______/_______ _______
• _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

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Characteristics of the Chesapeake

• _____, _____ _____ in the late teens and early
  twenties (early ___ out numbered ______ 61)
• Life expectancy ______ than the _____ of the
  _________
• By 1618 Virginia still had a population of only
  _______.
• _____ more people sent by _____ but the _______
  _______ to only ______.
• By 1624 the King was _________ by _________
  _____________ and he ________ the Virginia
  Company and made Virginia a _______ _______,
  _______ a _______ and _______ _______.
• The _____ of _______ which had begun to meet in
  ____ continued to meet despite a ____ of _______
  and in ____ the King _________ the _______
  _______.
• In Virginia the _____ _____ became the most
  important institution of _______ _______ serving
  as a center for ______, ________ and __________
  __________.

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Characteristics of New England

• Settled mostly by _______ who came to the New
  World looking for a place in which they could
  _______ _______ _______ _______.
• Immigrated as _______ _______ consequently
  __________ was more _______.
• Accepted Calvins _______ of _______.
• All unscriptural elements of worship should be
  removed from the Church.
• While a corporation was formed the _______ __
  _______ to make settlement into a _______
  _______ on the ________.
• On August 26, 1629 John Winthrop and 11
  associates secretly signed the __________
  __________.
• The _______ _______ allowed the joint-stock (most
  of which held annual meetings at a predetermined
  location) to hold its ________ ________ ________
  ________. (In America neither the king nor the
  archbishop would be able to _____ ____ ____
  _____.)
• In New England the _____ became the center of
  ________ ______.
• ______________ formed the ____ of _____ ____
  each local congregation was independent and each
  person independently covenanted with the Lord and
  with each other to walk according to the way of
  God.

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Initial Landing of Slaves

• 1619 Dutch ship lands at Jamestown with
  approximately 20 Africans
• Exact status disputed slaves/indentured
  servants
• Until the end of the 17th Century the status of
  blacks was ____________
• English were greatly influenced by what they
  observed in the ________, especially on _______,
  concerning the slavery practices of both the
  _______ and the ___________.
• The _____ _____ ______ was chartered in 1672 to
  supply planters with a ________ _____ of ________
  ________.
• Gradually, as the slave population grew, laws
  concerning blacks became stricter largely because
  of the _____ the _______ had of the _______.
• Blacks were considered _________, _____, _______
  __________ and without ________. Subjecting
  them to slavery was a _____ to them because at
  least that way they would be ________ to
  __________.
• Because Africans were uncivilized, beasts and
  savages they would always seek some means by
  which they could ____ _____ ___ and even worse
  to the whites ____ _____ _____.
• By the end of the 17th Century the American
  colonies had transformed from a society of ______
  to a ______ ________.

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Slave Routes
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What is Slavery?

• SLAVERY IS
• __________ __________
• __________ __________ __________
• an _________ _________ (transferred through the
  __________)

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Early Africans in Virginia

• John Punch
• Antonio a Negro gt Anthony Johnson
• John Casor

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John Punch

• Minutes of the Council and General Court of
  Colonial Virginia
• 9th Of July, 1640
• Whereas Hugh Gwyn hath by order from this Board
  Brought back from Maryland three servants
  formerly run away from the said Gwyn, the court
  doth therefore order that the said three servants
  shall receive the punishment of whipping and to
  have thirty stripes apiece one called Victor, a
  dutchman, the other a Scotchman called James
  Gregory, shall first serve out their times with
  their master according to their Indentures, and
  one whole year apiece after the time of their
  service is Expired. By their said Indentures in
  recompense of his Loss sustained by their absence
  and after that service to their said master is
  Expired to serve the colony for three whole years
  apiece, and that the third being a negro named
  John Punch shall serve his said master or his
  assigns for the time of his natural Life here or
  elsewhere.

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Johnson vs Parker
seriously consideringe and maturely weighing
the premisses, doe fynde that the saide Mr.
Robert Parker most unjustly keepeth the said
Negro from Anthony Johnson his master It is
therefore the Judgement of the Court and ordered
That the said John Casor Negro forthwith returne
unto the service of the said master Anthony
Johnson, And that Mr. Robert Parker make payment
of all charges in the suit.
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• Kolchin argues that colonial farmers made
  decisions about the type of labor to be employed
  (indentured or slave) based upon pragmatic
  economic considerations. He further asserts that
  once slavery was adopted as the preferred labor
  source, racism was used to justify and reinforce
  that decision.

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• Virginia, 1639 Act X. All persons except Negroes
  are to be provided with arms and ammunitions or
  be fined at the pleasure of the governor and
  council. Maryland, 1664 That whatsoever
  free-born English woman shall intermarry with
  any slave. . . shall serve the master of such
  slave during the life of her husband and that
  all the issue of such free-born women, so married
  shall be slaves as their fathers were.
  Virginia, 1667 Act III. Whereas some doubts
  have arisen whether children that are slaves by
  birth. . . should by virtue of their baptism be
  made free, it is enacted that baptism does not
  alter the condition to the person as to his
  bondage or freedom masters freed from this doubt
  may more carefully propagate Christianity by
  permitting slaves to be admitted to that
  sacrament. Virginia, 1682 Act I. It is enacted
  that all servants. . . which sic shall be
  imported into this country either by sea or by
  land, whether Negroes, Moors Muslim North
  Africans, mulattoes or Indians who and whose
  parentage and native countries are not Christian
  at the time of their first purchase by some
  Christian. . . and all Indians, which shall be
  sold by our neighborign Indians, or any other
  trafficing with us for slaves, are hereby
  adjudged, deemed and taken to be slaves to all
  intents and purposes any law, usage, or custom to
  the contrary notwithstanding.

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