Seismic Damage and Fire

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Tank Fire Caused by the Earthquake at Idemitsu
Hokkaido Refinery
Makoto Hirai Manager, Research and
Technology Idemitsu International (Europe) plc
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AGENDA

• Company Profile
• Outline of Tank Fire
• Conclusion

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AGENDA

• Company Profile
• Outline of Tank Fire
• Conclusion

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1. Company Profile

• Head Office Tokyo, Japan
• Founded June 20, 1911
• Employees (Group) 7,737 (31st March, 2006)
• Net Sales (Group) 3,327 billions (\)
• Refineries 4 (640,000B/D)
• Overseas Office 36 In Middle East
• Abu Dhabi, Tehran,
• Dhahran, Muscat, Doha (5)

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1. Company Profile (Contd)
Oil Exploitation
Retail 5,294 station
Domestic Transportation
Crude Oil Transportation
Oil Refining 4 Refineries Chemical Plant
2 Plants
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1. Company Profile (Contd)
Location of Idemitsu Refineries
Hokkaido
Tokuyama
STARTED YEAR 1973 CDU / ARDS / R2R
Chiba
STARTED YEAR 1957 Petrochemical Complex CDU
/ FCC Steam Cracker 450 Mt/yr
Aichi
Aichi
STARTED YEAR 1963 Lube Petrochemical Complex
CDU / ARDS / FCC Steam Cracker 374 Mt/yr
STARTED YEAR 1975 CDU / ARDS / R2R / ALK
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AGENDA

• Company Profile
• Outline of Tank Fire
• Conclusion

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2. Outline of Tank Fire
Two Tank Fire were occurred after Earthquake (at
4.50am, 26th September, 2003)
30006(36)
30063(363)
Tank No.
D42.7m, H24.39m, Max 32,779kl (FRT)
Tank Prof.
Crude Oil (31,160kl)
Naphtha (26,874kl)
Content (incident)
Ring Fire
Full Surface Fire
Incident case
Occurred at 4.51 26th Sep. Extinguished after
12hours
Occurred at 10.45 28th Sep. Extinguished after
44hours
Fire fighting Situation
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Overview of the 2003 Earthquake
Hokkaido Refinery Seismograph Data
Acceleration Time Series)
About 0450 September 26th 2003 42 km
8.0 Latitude 41º46.78 Longitude 144º4.71
Time of Earthquake Depth of epicenter Magnitude
Location of epicenter
Hokkaido Refinery
Maximum surface acceleration (Combined maximum
acceleration 86 gal) North-south 69
gal East-west 76 gal Up-down 38
gal
epicenter
N.B. This map has been reproduced with permission
from Numerical Map 200000 (coast lines,
administrative Areas) published by the
Geographical Survey Institute (Permit Number 2003
Copy No. 367)
Appendix 1 Overview of the Tokachi?Oki
Earthquake and Hokkaido Refinery Seismograph Data
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NO.1 Berth
Sea water pump
West Bridge
Tank with outbreak of fire on 28th
Rising Bridge
Inner port Office
Laboratory
Area 50
5259
5260
10252
10251
10151
40061
40062
25153
25154
30351
10253
10254
20262
20263
20264
10155
Naphtha
10255
10256
40064
10159
30063
25157
25158
20265
20266
20267
10257
10258
10163
10164
Area 250
Area 350
Area 150
Area 0
Power Area
B-H3
60001
60005
60002
60003
60004
Electric generator
Atmospheric Distillation Facility
Hydrogen Recovery Facility
Primary Drainage Treatment Facility
Depressurization Distillation Facility
Crude oil
No. 1 Nitrogen Supply Facility Gas/LPG Cleansing
Facility LPG Refining Facility
B-H1
B-H2
Sulfur Recovery Facility
60009
60007
60008
30006
Central Transformer Station
Contact Modification Facility
Deionizer
Now-defunct
???
???
Naphtha Hydrogenation Desulphurization Facility
40013
10011
10012
Tank with outbreak of fire on 26th
Industrial water storage tank
No. 1 Flare
Smokestack assembly
Kerosene and Diesel Oil Hydrogenation
Desulphurization Facility
Area 650
PC
Central Transformer Station No. 2
YO
YO-T1A
YO-T1B
Heavy Diesel Oil Hydrogenation Dissolution
Facility
YO-T2A
YO-T2B
CPI
SDM Temporary Building
100651
100652
SDM Temporary Building
??
Roof sunken
RN
N
FRT
Cafeteria
Storage
Changing Room Tower
Roof damaged
CFRT
100653
100654
Main Building
2430'
Through Gate
Maintenance
Oil drainer T-V690
???
Main Gate
Appendix 2 Hokkaido Refinery Outline of Damage
to Tanks (Site Plan)
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2. Outline of Tank Fire - 36 -

• Incident was happened immediately after the
  Earthquake.
• Because of the sloshing, crude oil was overflowed
  on the tank roof and dike.
• Ignition source would be Electric Sparks caused
  by fractures of electric cable or Electric
  Sparks from collision of floating roof and
  measurement cabin or fall of measurement cabin.

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Measurement Cabin
Collision
Electric spark
Sloshing height approx. 3.1m (calculated measure)
Measurement cabin in a normal state (reference)
Over flow
Height of collision between the pontoons outer
rim and the base of the measurement cabin
approx. 2.9m
Gauge Pole
Pontoon
electric cable
where measurement cabin stood
Measurement cabin fell on the floating roof
Collision
Deck Plate
Appendix 3 Main Damaged Sections on Floating
Roof of Crude Oil 30006 Tank
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2. Outline of Tank Fire - 363 -

• Incident was happened 2days after of the
  earthquake.
• Because of the sloshing, the floating roof was
  completely sunken. Foam was continuously applied
  after the earthquake to prevent from contact
  between naphtha and air, but strong wind broke
  the foam blanket in the morning of 28th Sep.

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Fixed foam system (total 7 spots)
0?
We had been doing foam application from fixed
foam system from 26th.
But the foam blanket was broken by strong wind
in the morning of 28th.
Boundaries of foam at about 1035 (appears to
have been 3/4)
Ripples seem to have been caused by strong wind
The foam application was tried again, but the
wind was too strong to keep the foam
blanket. Ignition occurred after about 10 mins.
90?
270?
Point of ignition
Foam seems to have been blown away to direction
of 160
Boundaries of foam at about 1045 of ignition
(appears to have been 1/3 1/4)
Fuel level 18.5m
Naphtha
Distance from top of tank to fuel surface 5.9m
180?
Measurement cabin
30063 tank -Content Naphtha -Diameter 42.7m
Roof completely fell into fuel
Wind South south east 7.3m/s, Temperature 16.9
degC
Appendix 4 Situation in Naphtha 30063 Tank
before Ignition
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2. Outline of Tank Fire - Video -

• Japanese National Broadcast made a TV programme
  about Idemitsu Incident.
• 36 3min 17- 4min 30
• 363 5min 59-6min 20, 10min 05 11min 54
• Sloshing, etc 15min 22 - 22min 10

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AGENDA

• Company Profile
• Outline of Tank Fire
• Conclusion

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3. Conclusion
1. We lowered fuel operation levels of 3
Refineries (Hokkaido, Chiba and Aichi), total
volume of 600,000 kl, taking into
consideration their respective velocity response
spectrum. 2. We removed structures on tank, in
particular, all measurement cabins in
Hokkaido Refinery. 3. We are reinforcing the
floating roofs against earthquakes. (1)
100,000 kl tanks in Hokkaido Refinery are changed
to double-deck structure. (2)
For other tanks, the pontoons of floating roof
are reinforced. 4. We purchased 2 big monitors,
30,000 l/min and 11,000 l/min, in Hokkaido
Refinery.
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Thank you for your attentions.
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End of Report