Contest

1
Contest On the handout with numbers, circle one
number randomly under each of the underlined
numbers 1 30. Example 1 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3
3 3 3 4 4 4 4
2
Contest
We will assume that each of us owns an animal
that show the rare but highly sought after
dominant phenotype for coat color.
We know that if we can prove that our animal is
BB then its value as a breeding animal goes up
markedly so we plan to progeny test for the
presence of a recessive allele, b.
What we do not know is that we all bought the
animals from the same shady breeder who
actually mated BBs to bbs to produce our
animals. SO, we all have Bb animals but do not
know it!
3
Contest
Example 1 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4
4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2
4
1
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
2
3
2
1
1
2
3
2
3
4
1
2
98.6
2
3
4
1
2
1
2
4
3
3
3
1
Dinner
3
2
4
94
99.7
5
Lecture 14
Measured Phenotypes
6
Measured Phenotypes
Population at Equilibrium
7
Measured Phenotypes
Population at Equilibrium
Genotype Freq. Number Phenotype
8
Measured Phenotypes
Population at Equilibrium
Genotype Freq. Number Phenotype B1B1 p2 n11 P1
1 100 B1B2 2pq n12 P12 90 B2B2 q2 n22 P2
2 60
9
Measured Phenotypes
Population at Equilibrium
Phenotype mgt genotype
10
Measured Phenotypes
Population at Equilibrium
Phenotype mgt genotype mgt P11 P22
100 60 80 2 2
11
Measured Phenotypes
Measured Phenotypes
Population at Equilibrium
Population at Equilibrium
Phenotype mgt genotype mgt P11 P22
2 -- When one changes the environment,
all phenotypes change equally.--
Phenotype mgt genotype mgt P11 P22
100 60 80 2 2
12
Measured Phenotypes
Population at Equilibrium
Genetic Value (V) P - mgt
13
Measured Phenotypes
Population at Equilibrium
Genetic Value (V) P - mgt V11 P11 - mgt
20 V12 P12 - mgt 10 V22 P22 - mgt
-20
14
Measured Phenotypes
Population at Equilibrium
Genetic Value (V) P - mgt V11 P11 - mgt
20 V12 P12 - mgt 10 V22 P22 - mgt
-20 Note V22 -V11
Because of how we defined management.
15
Modes of Inheritance
V22 0 V11
16
Modes of Inheritance
V22 0 V11
V12 0 no dominance
17
Modes of Inheritance
V22 0 V11
V12 0 no dominance 0 lt V12 lt V11 incomplete
dominance
18
Modes of Inheritance
V22 0 V11
V12 0 no dominance 0 lt V12 lt V11 incomplete
dominance V12 V11 dominance
19
Modes of Inheritance
V22 0 V11
V12 0 no dominance 0 lt V12 lt V11 incomplete
dominance V12 V11 dominance V12 gt V11
overdominance
20
Population Mean (?)

21
Population Mean (?)
? ? Pij n where n number of animals
22
Population Mean (?)
? ? Pij n where n number of animals For
one locus ? n11 P11 n12 P12 n22 P22 n
23
Population Mean (?)
? ? Pij n where n number of animals For
one locus ? n11 P11 n12 P12 n22
P22 n f(B1B1) P11 f(B1B2) P12 f(B2B2)
P22
24
Population Mean (?)
If in Equilibrium
25
Population Mean (?)
If in Equilibrium ? p2(mgt V11) 2pq(mgt
V12) q2(mgt V22)
26
Population Mean (?)
If in Equilibrium ? p2(mgt V11) 2pq(mgt
V12) q2(mgt V22) (p2 2pq q2) mgt
p2V11 2pqV12 q2 V22
27
Population Mean (?)
If in Equilibrium ? p2(mgt V11) 2pq(mgt
V12) q2(mgt V22) (p2 2pq q2) mgt
p2V11 2pqV12 q2 V22 and V22 -V11
1
28
Population Mean (?)
If in Equilibrium mgt (p2 - q2) V11 2pq
V12
29
Population Mean (?)
If in Equilibrium mgt (p2 - q2) V11 2pq
V12 and (p2 - q2) (p q)(p - q) (p -
q)
30
Population Mean (?)
If in Equilibrium mgt (p2 - q2) V11 2pq
V12 and (p2 - q2) (p q)(p - q) (p -
q) ? mgt (p - q) V11 2pq V12
31
Population Mean (?)

• mgt management

32
Population Mean (?)

• mgt management
• (p - q) V11 2pq V12 average genetic value of
  the population

33
Population Mean (?)
For example f(B1) p .5 f(B2) q .5 ?
85 mgt 80
34
Population Mean (?)
For example f(B1) p .5 f(B2) q .5 ?
85 mgt 80 AGV ? - mgt 5
35
Selection cull all B2B2s B1B1 B1B2 B2B2 rela
tive fitness 1 1 0 frequency p2 2pq q2
36
Selection cull all B2B2s B1B1 B1B2 B2B2 rela
tive fitness 1 1 0 frequency p2 2pq q2 p1
p0 2/3 1 - sq02
37
Selection cull all B2B2s B1B1 B1B2 B2B2 rela
tive fitness 1 1 0 frequency p2 2pq q2 p1
p0 2/3 1 - sq02 --When one randomly
mates the selected parents the progeny are in
equilibrium.--
38
? 91.1 mgt 80 AGV 11.1
39
? 91.1 mgt 80 AGV 11.1 Generations f(B1) ?

40
? 91.1 mgt 80 AGV 11.1 Generations f(B1) ?
0 .5 85 1 .67 91.1
41
? 91.1 mgt 80 AGV 11.1 Generations f(B1) ?
0 .5 85 1 .67 91.1 2 .75 93.8 3 .80
95.2 1.00 100.0 ? 1.00 100.0
42
100 85
?
generations
43
100 85
?
generations

• ? increases by changing f(B1) hence AGV

44
100 ---------------------------------
------------ 85
?
generations

• ? increases by changing f(B1) hence AGV
• stop at any generation, stay at that level
  (change is permanent)

45
selection plateau
100 ----------------------------------------------
--- 85
?
generations

• ? increases by changing f(B1) hence AGV
• stop at any generation, stay at that level
  (change is permanent)
• population reaches a selection plateau when
  f(B1) is fixed at 1.00