Title: POLS 1113 American Federal Government
1POLS 1113American Federal Government
- Chapter 12
- Campaigns, Voting, and Elections
2An election in which voters select candidates
from within the party to represent the party in a
general election is called a/an
- a. open election. d. primary
election. - b. direct election. e. closed
election - c. caucus election.
3A candidate selection process in which only a
partys registered voters are eligible to
participate is called
- a. a blanket election. d. a beauty contest
primary. - b. an open primary. e. all of the above.
- c. closed primary.
4The method most conducive to party control of the
candidate selection process is/are __, but they
are also considered to be more corrupt than
current methods of candidate selection.
- a. caucuses d. blind selection
- b. straw polls e. all of the
above - c. office rotation
5The process that allows citizens to propose
legislation and submit it to the electorate for
popular vote is called
- a. proposition. d. referendum.
- b. initiative. e.
plebiscite. - c. recall.
6A procedure by which the state legislature
submits proposed legislation to the voters is
called a
- a. plebiscite. d. proposition.
- b. recall. e. referendum.
- c. initiative.
7In some states, an incumbent office holder can be
removed from office by the people in a process
called
- a. recall. d.
retrospective voting. - b. recantation. e. all of the
above. - c. retroaction impeachment.
8A recent illustration of recall occurred in
California, where the recall of __ led to the
election of Arnold Schwarzenegger to the
governorship.
- a. Gary Willis d. Grey Davis
- b. Cruz Bustamonte e. Diane Feinstein
- c. Pete Wilson
9Contemporary presidential nomination campaigns
are characterized by a phenomenon called __, in
which states face strong incentives to schedule
primaries as early as possible, lending an
advantage to well-funded frontrunners.
- a. bandwagoning d. blitzkrieg
- b. blanketing e. frontloading
- c. condensing
10 The year or so prior to the start of the
official nomination season when candidates begin
raising funds and unofficially campaigning is
described as
- a. Eating pork rinds in Iowa.
- b. Antiquing in New Hampshire.
- c. runoff campaigning
- d. jumping the gun.
- e. the invisible primary
11A system in which party members meet in small
conventions sometimes as small as a living room
to elect delegates to a national convention is
called a __, the most prominent of which occurs
in Iowa early in the nomination process.
- a. caucus d. retail politics
- b. initiative e. all of the
above. - c. front-loading
12Are delegates to the national conventions
representative of the population as a whole?
Delegates to both of the national party
conventions are
- a. demographically representative of the
population in terms of race, class, and gender. - b. ideologically more pure and richer than most
Americans. - c. generally representative of average Americans.
- d. younger than the average American.
- e. not even from this planet!
13A professional who produces a candidates
television, radio, and print advertisements is
called a(n)
- a. canvasser. d. architect.
- b. producer. e. media designer.
- c. consultant.
14The head of a political campaign is usually
called the
- a. campaign manager. d. political
brains. - b. campaign consultant. e. any of the above.
- c. political midwife.
15Private-sector professionals and firms who sell
to candidates the technologies, services, and
strategies required to get their candidate
elected are called __, and their numbers have
grown exponentially since they first appeared in
the 1930s.
- a. consigliore d. hired guns
- b. manager e. trained attack dogs
- c. consultant
16Among the more important of trained staff on the
average campaign are the __, who track public
opinion to determine what issues the voters want
him/her to address in their speeches.
- a. advertisers d. direct mailers
- b. pollsters e. focus group
managers - c. consultants
17Television advertising on behalf of a candidate
that is broadcast in sixty-, thirty-, or
ten-second duration is called a
- a. quick hitter. d. spot ad.
- b. contrast ad. e. positive ad.
- c. negative ad.
18Ads that stress the candidates qualifications,
family, and issue positions with no reference to
the opponent are generally described as __ ads.
- a. positive d. express advocacy
- b. negative e. puff-piece
- c. fluff
19The idea of counteracting an anticipated attack
by ones opponent before the attack is even
launched is called a(n) __ ad.
- a. preemptive d.
inoculation - b. first strike e.
double-negative - c. anticipatory self-
- deprecation
20Negative campaign ads can be traced back to__,
when Federalist opponents branded Thomas
Jefferson an atheist, coward and started a
whispering campaign hinting that he was guilty of
miscegenation.
- a. 1787 d. 1860
- b. 1796 e. 1874
- c. 1828
21The Electoral College was a compromise designed
to
- a. insure the election of a popular president.
- b. produce a nonpartisan president.
- c. accommodate the growing influence of political
parties. - d. insure the election of demagogues.
- e. all of the above.
22In the event that a single candidate fails to
secure a majority of Electoral College votes, the
Constitution mandates that the __ decides the
winner.
- a. House of Representatives
- b. Senate
- c. entire Congress
- d. two leading candidates engage in a trial by
combat, and the death of the weaker candidate - e. Supreme Court
23All of the following constitutional amendments
relate to presidential selection or the Electoral
College EXCEPT the __ Amendment.
- a.12th d. 25th
- b. 13th e. all
of the above - c. 22nd
24The election of __ resulted in no clear Electoral
College winner, with votes split between Thomas
Jefferson, Aaron Burr, and John Adams, and
resulted in the 12th Amendments granting of two
votes to Electoral College electors, one for
president and one for vice president.
- a. 1800 d. 1860
- b. 1804 e. 1874
- c. 1828
25In __ another contested election took place in
which the candidate with the most popular and
Electoral College votes, Andrew Jackson, was
defeated for the presidency in the House of
Representatives by John Quincy Adams.
- a. 1808 d. 1836
- b. 1824 e. 1876
- c. 1832
26Another contested election took place in __,
where the Republican Rutherford Hayes was
declared the victor over the Democratic candidate
Samuel Tilden.
- a. 1848 d. 1932
- b. 1868 e. 1948
- c. 1876
27Among those candidates who received more popular
votes but nonetheless lost the presidency include
all of the following EXCEPT
- a. Andrew Jackson d. Al Gore,
Jr. - b. Grover Cleveland e. George W.
Bush - c. Samuel Tilden
28A shifting of party coalitions from one party to
the next that remains in place for several
electoral cycles are called
- a. dealignments. d. geodesic
shifts. - b. tectonic shifts. e. secular
shifts. - c. realignments.
29An election that signals a lasting change in the
makeup of partisan coalitions in the electorate
are called __ elections.
- a. crucial d.
panic-inducing - b. significant e. crucial
- c. critical
30Congressional elections differ from presidential
elections because
- a. media focus much more attention on
congressional races. - b. so many congressional candidates are
celebrities. - c. incumbency is a relatively minor factor in
congressional races. - d. ballot-stuffing is illegal.
- e. most candidates for Congress are not
particularly well-known.
31The reelection rate for sitting House members is
generally __ percent.
- a. less than 50 d. less than
86 - b. slightly more than 50 e. more than 95
- c. between 65-75
32On those rare instances where congressional
incumbents lose an election, the explanation is
often
- a. redistricting.
- b. scandal.
- c. coattails on the part of a state-wide
candidate. - d. rapid secular realignment of the district.
- e. all of the above.
33When an incumbent does lose an election, the best
explanation is often
- a. media overexposure. d. lack of access
to - b. lack of name recognition. adequate
funding. - c. redistricting. e. all of
the above.
34About __ percent of eligible Americans vote
regularly.
- a. 22 d. 55
- b. 33 e. 65
- c. 40
35Approximately __ percent of eligible voters
rarely or never vote.
- a. 16 d. 48
- b. 27 e. 63
- c. 35
36Under the provisions of the Bipartisan Campaign
Reform Act of 2002, individuals are limited to a
total of __ in allowable contributions per
two-year cycle.
- a. 5,000 d. 50,000
- b. 15,000 e. 95,000
- c. 25,000
37Under the provisions of the Bipartisan Campaign
Reform Act of 2002 Act of 2002, individuals are
allowed to contribute __ to candidates for
Congress or the presidency in the primary, and
the same amount for the general election campaign.
- a. 500 d. 7,500
- b. 1,000 e. 10,000
- c. 5,000
38Under the provisions of the Bipartisan Campaign
Reform Act of 2002, political action committees
may contribute __ to candidates for Congress or
the presidency in the primary, and the same
amount for the general election campaign.
- a. 500 d. 7,500
- b. 1,000 e. 10,000
- c. 5,000
39Under the provisions of the Bipartisan Campaign
Reform Act of 2002, political party committees
may contribute 5,000 to candidates for Congress
in the primaries, but can contribute __ to
candidates during the general election campaign.
- a. 1,000 d. 8,000
- b. 1,500 e. 10,000
- c. 7,500
40Candidates for the Senate receive most of their
funding from
- a. personal funding. d. political
action - b. individual contributors.
committees. - c. interest groups. e. Bill
Gates.
41A(n) __ is an officially recognized fund-raising
organization that represents particular interest
groups in the campaign process.
- political action d. federal
campaign - committee
committee - b. political interest e.
campaign fund-raising - group
organizations - c. interest group campaign
- committee
42Voter turnout for the 2004 presidential election
reached around __ percent.
- a. 48 d. 65
- b. 52 e. 73
- c. 58
43Most candidates receive a majority of their
campaign contributions from
- political action d. themselves.
- committees. e. a
combination of PACs - b. individuals. and
political parties. - c. one of the major
- political parties.
44In 2001 alone, about __ billion was spent on
presidential and congressional elections.
- a. 4.1 d. 1.7
- b. 3.5 e. 1.2
- c. 2.4
45In the Supreme Court case __, the Court ruled
that no limits could be placed on a candidates
expenditures of their own funds because such
spending in considered speech.
- a. Rockerfeller v. U.S. d. NYTimes v.
Sullivan - b. Perot v. Reno e. Nixon v.
U.S. - c. Buckley v. Valeo
46In order to eligible for public matching funds
for ones presidential campaign, a candidate must
raise 5,000 in small contributions (250 or
less) in each of __ states.
- a. 10 d. 35
- b. 15 e. all 50
- c. 20
47The virtually unregulated money funneled to state
and local parties for party building activities
that often result in campaign advertisements is
called __ money.
- a. soft d. housekeeping
- b. hard e. widows and
orphans - c. funny
48In general, voter turnout is higher among those
who are
- less educated with d. minorities.
- moderate incomes. e. poor.
- b. older and wealthier.
- c. female.
49Among the Hispanic population, the group most
likely to support the Republican Partys
candidates are
- a. Puerto Ricans. d. Central
Americans - b. Mexican-Americans. e. Cuban Americans.
- c. Latino Americans.
50Among the principal reasons Americans give for
not voting include all of the following EXCEPT
- a. too busy. d. interest in
politics. - b. difficulty registering. e. difficulty with
absentee - c. physically disabled. ballots.
51True/False Universe
52Vote counting problems in New York led to the use
of digital recording devices during elections.
53Recent electoral reforms have curbed the
front-loading of elections because it increased
incumbency advantage.
54Caucuses are used to nominate candidates in many
states because they are highly democratic in
nature.
55Republican delegates to the national conventions
are considerably more conservative than the
average Republican voter.
56The United States employs a system of regional
primaries to elect a president every four years.
57Candidates rarely make a large number of personal
appearances because they can reach more people
via television.
58In presidential campaigns, staff can include
thousands of volunteers and hundreds of paid
staff.
59The average campaign advertisement that airs on
television is 4 ½ minutes in duration.
60Negative campaigning, including ads, is a
relatively new phenomenon.
61The Electoral College was designed to select a
nonpartisan president.
62Incumbents usually win reelection campaigns.
63The presidential party usually gains seats in a
presidential election year, but often loses seats
in midterm elections.
64People who vote are generally more highly
educated than those that do not.
65Less than half of eligible 18-24 year-olds are
registered to vote.
66White and African-Americans participate in
elections at approximately the same rate.
67Whites and African-Americans with the same income
and education levels participate in elections at
the same rate.
68Political active Americans make up less than 53
of the population.
69Americans who contribute time or money to a
campaign make up roughly 12 of the population.
70The only racial group to vote in the majority for
President George W. Bush were whites. All other
groups voted in the majorty for the Democratic
Partys candidate, John Kerry.