Update SoW1 with the best data and information available, focusing on changes that had occurred sinc

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The 2nd State of the Worlds PGRFA Report (SoW-2)

• Update SoW-1 with the best data and information
  available, focusing on changes that had occurred
  since 1996
• Provide sound basis for updating GPA taking into
  account changes, needs and gaps
• Assist national, regional and global policies and
  efforts for effective conservation and
  sustainable utilization of PGR for food security

03/11
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Structure of the SOW-2

• Chapter 1 The state of diversity
• Chapter 2 The state of in situ management
• Chapter 3 The state of ex situ conservation
• Chapter 4 The state of use
• Chapter 5 The state of national programmes,
  training needs and legislation
• Chapter 6 The state of regional and
  international collaboration
• Chapter 7 Access to plant genetic resources, the
  sharing of benefits derived from their use and
  the realization of farmers' rights
• Chapter 8 The contribution of PGRFA to food
  security and sustainable agricultural management

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Chapter 1The state of diversity

• The total number of accessions conserved ex situ
  worldwide has increased by approximately 20
  since 1996, reaching 7.4 million.
• Less than 30 of the total number of accessions
  are distinct.
• While the number of accessions of minor crops and
  crop wild relatives (CWR) has increased, these
  categories are still generally under-represented.
• Scientific understanding of the on farm
  management of genetic diversity has increased.
• With the development of new molecular techniques,
  the amount of data available on genetic diversity
  has increased dramatically, leading to an
  improved understanding of issues such as
  domestication, genetic erosion, and genetic
  vulnerability.

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Chapter 2The state of in situ management

• Since 1996, a large number of surveys and
  inventories have been carried out in many
  countries both in natural and agricultural
  ecosystems.
• Awareness has increased of the importance and
  value of CWR and of the need to conserve them in
  situ.
• A global strategy for CWR conservation and use
  has been drafted, protocols for in situ
  conservation of CWR are now available, and a new
  Specialist Group on CWR has been established
  within International Union for the Conservation
  of Nature/Species Survival Commission.
• The number and coverage of protected areas has
  expanded by approximately 30 over the past
  decade and this has indirectly led to a greater
  protection of CWR.
• The number of on farm management projects carried
  out with the participation of local stakeholders
  has increased and new legal mechanisms have been
  put in place in several countries to enable
  farmers to market genetically diverse varieties.

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Chapter 3The state of ex situ conservation

• Since 1996, more than 1.4 million accessions have
  been added to ex situ collections, the large
  majority of which are in the form of seeds.
• Fewer countries now account for a larger
  percentage of the total world ex situ germplasm
  holdings than was the case in 1996.
• While many major crops are well, even
  over-duplicated, many important collections are
  inadequately so and hence potentially at risk.
• While significant advances have been made in
  regeneration in both national and international
  collections, the documentation and
  characterization of many collections is still
  inadequate.
• The number of botanical gardens around the world
  now exceeds 2,500, maintaining samples of some
  80,000 plant species. Botanical gardens took the
  lead in developing the Global Strategy for Plant
  Conservation adopted by the Convention on
  Biological Diversity in 2002.
• The creation of the Global Crop Diversity Trust
  and the Svalbard Global Seed Vault both represent
  major achievements since the first SoW report was
  published and the worlds PGRFA is undoubtedly
  more secure.

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Chapter 4The state of use of PGRFA

• Global plant breeding capacity has not changed
  significantly since 1996. In many countries
  public sector plant breeding has continued to
  contract, with the private sector increasingly
  taking over.
• The number of accessions characterized and
  evaluated has increased in all regions but not in
  all individual countries.
• More countries now use molecular markers to
  characterize their germplasm and undertake
  genetic enhancement and base broadening to
  introduce new traits from non-adapted populations
  and wild relatives.
• Several important new international initiatives
  have been established that promote increased
  PGRFA use for instance, the GIPB, the GCDT, and
  the new Generation and Harvest Plus Challenge
  Programs of the Consultative Group on
  International Agricultural Research (CGIAR).
• Compared to 1996, genomics, proteomics,
  bioinformatics and climate change are important
  now, and greater prominence is also given to
  sustainable agriculture, biofuel crops and human
  health.

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Chapter 5 The state of national programmes,
training needs and legislation

• Of the 109 countries that provided information
  for both the 1st and 2nd SoW reports, 43 had no
  national programme in 1996 and 96 have one now.
• In most countries national government
  institutions are the principal entities involved,
  however, the inclusion of other stakeholders,
  especially universities, has expanded.
• Since the first SoW report was published, most
  countries have enacted new national phytosanitary
  legislation, or revised old legislation, in large
  part in response to the adoption in 1997 of the
  revised International Plant Protection
  Convention.
• The importance of farmers as custodians and
  developers of genetic diversity was recognized in
  the ITPGRFA through the provisions of Article 9
  on Farmers Rights.
• Biosafety has emerged as an important issue, and
  many countries have now either adopted national
  biosafety regulations or frameworks, or are
  currently developing them. As of August 2009, 156
  countries had ratified the Cartagena Protocol on
  Biosafety.

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Chapter 6 The state of regional and
international collaboration

• The entry into force of the ITPGRFA in 2004 marks
  the most significant development since the
  publication of the first SoW report.
• Since 1996, a number of new regional networks on
  PGRFA have been established and a few others have
  become stronger.
• FAO has further strengthened its activities in
  PGRFA since the first SoW report, for example
  through establishing GIPB in 2006.
• The International Centres of the CGIAR concluded
  agreements in 2006 with FAO, acting on behalf of
  the Governing Body of the ITPGRFA, bringing their
  collections within the ITPGRFAs multilateral
  system of access and benefit sharing.
• Other initiatives establishment of the
  International Center for Biosaline Agriculture in
  1999 the Central Asia and the Caucasus
  Association of Agriculture Research Institution
  and the Global Forum on Agricultural Research in
  2000 the Forum for Agricultural Research in
  Africa in 2002 the Global Cacao Genetic
  Resources Network in 200, and the Crops for the
  Future and the SGSV in 2008.

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Chapter 7 Access to plant genetic resources, the
sharing of benefits derived from their use and
the realization of farmers' rights

• The entry into force of the ITPGRFA in 2004 marks
  the most significant development since the
  publication of the first SoW report.
• 120 parties in June 2009.
• Negotiations under the CBD to develop an
  international regime on ABS are scheduled to be
  finalized in 2010.
• In February 2009, the CBD Database on ABS
  Measures listed 30 countries with legislation
  regulating ABS. Of these, 22 had adopted new laws
  or regulations since 2000.
• So far there are few models that can be emulated
  and several countries are experimenting with new
  ways of protecting and rewarding traditional
  knowledge and realizing Farmers Rights.

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Chapter 8 The contribution of PGRFA to food
security and sustainable agricultural management

• Concerns about the potential impact of climate
  change have grown substantially over the past
  decade.
• There have been growing efforts to strengthen the
  relationship between agriculture and the
  provision of ecosystem services
• ? Schemes that promote Payment for Ecosystem
  Services are being set up.
• PGRFA are becoming recognised as being critically
  important for the development of farming systems
  that capture more carbon and emit fewer
  greenhouse gasses, and for underpinning the
  breeding of the new varieties that will be needed
  for agriculture to adapt to the anticipated
  future environmental conditions.
• In spite of the enormous contribution by PGRFA to
  global food security and sustainable agriculture,
  its role is not widely recognized or understood.

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SoW-2 Preparatory Process Four main steps

• Information gathering pilot phase
• Country Reports
• NISM
• Thematic background studies
• Other sources
• Information analysis phase
• Analysis of changes, needs and gaps
• Regional synthesis
• Integration of new emerging issues
• (Biosafety, Climate change, International
  trade, ABS, Globalization, etc)
• Information packaging and product development
  phase
• Expert consultation

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Country Report Preparation- Distribution -
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Thematic background studies (examples)

• Conservation of wild relatives
• Indicators (erosion, vulnerability..)
• Methodologies to use
• Seed security
• PGRFA and Health
• Impact of policies
• Climate change

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SoW-2 Preparatory Process Challenges

• Information on SoW-1 qualitative
• Most of the country reports arrived in 2009
• Difference in sample to compare SoW-1 with SoW-2
• Time constraint to prepare the first draft of the
  SoW-2
• Quality of the Country Reports

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The Global Plan of Action
Drawn from findings and needs identified through
the First Report on the State of the World, the
Global Plan of Action (GPA) is a set of
recommendations and activities in all PGRFA
activities

• Provides a coherent framework for 20 priority
  activity areas in conservation and sustainable
  utilization, institutions and capacity-building
  for better management, cooperation, and
  coordination of all PGRFA-related activities
• Is a rolling plan that needs to be periodically
  updated based on the State of the Worlds PGRFA

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Thematic Background Studies
Country Reports
National Information Sharing Mechanisms
Focusing on Key Changes since 1996
COUNTRY-DRIVEN PROCESS
Integration of new emerging issues
Second State of the World on PGRFA
Analysis of changing needs and gaps
Updating of the rolling Global Plan of Action
Strategic and Integrated Management of Plant
Genetic Resources Food and Agriculture
Implementation of the IT-PGRFA
Food security, rural development, sustainable
agriculture, protection of environment
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Expected Benefits of an Integrated Management of
PGRFA
PGRFA are essential elements for achieving Goals
1 and 7 of the Millennium Development Goals for
fighting poverty and ensuing food security for
future generations since 75 of human and animal
nutrition depend of plants
Full realization of the benefits and uses of
PGRFA to reach through the establishment of
efficient and integrated national strategies
establishing strong linkages between all sectors
of PGRFA
Fostering the implementation of the IT-PGRFA
More rapid adaptation of agricultural production
to the challenges of global warming, food
security, sustainable development, demographics,
and economy