Alkanes

1
Alkanes
2
Alkanes

• Hydrocarbons containing only single covalent bonds

3
Alkanes

• All hydrocarbons with no multiple bonds end with
  the suffix -ane
• Prefix Alk- any length carbon chain

4
Organic Prefixes

• 1 meth- 6 hex-
• 2 eth- 7 hept-
• 3 prop- 8 oct-
• 4 but- 9 non-
• 5 pent- 10 dec-

5
1-Carbon Alkane

• Methane
• CH4

6
2-Carbon Alkane

• Ethane
• C2H6
• H3C-CH3

7
3-Carbon Alkane

• Propane
• C3H8
• H3C-CH2-CH3

8
4-Carbon Alkane

• Butane
• C4H10
• H3C-CH2-CH2-CH3
• H3C-(CH2)2-CH3

9
5-Carbon Alkane

• Pentane
• C5H12
• H3C-(CH2)3-CH3

10
6-Carbon Alkane

• Hexane
• C6H14
• H3C-(CH2)4-CH3

11
7-Carbon Alkane

• Heptane
• C7H16
• H3C-(CH2)5-CH3

12
8-Carbon Alkane

• Octane
• C8H18
• H3C-(CH2)6-CH3

13
9-Carbon Alkane

• Nonane
• C9H20
• H3C-(CH2)7-CH3

14
10-Carbon Alkane

• Decane
• C10H22
• H3C-(CH2)8-CH3

15
Drill

• Name give the molecular formula for alkanes
  with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 carbons

16
Alkane Chemical Formula

• CnH2n2

17
Name each of the followingC5H12 C3H8 C8H18
18
Saturated Hydrocarbon

• A hydrocarbon with the maximum number of
  hydrogens possible

19
All Pure Non-cyclic Alkanes

• Are saturated hydrocarbons

20
Carbon Chains

• Any group of atoms connected in a row is called a
  chain
• Any continuous chain hydrocarbon is called a
  carbon chain

21
Draw name a 4 carbon chain
22
Formula Writing

• Molecular Formula
• C4H10

23
Formula Writing

• Condensed structural formula, C-C C-H bonds
  understood
• CH3CH2CH2CH3

24
Formula Writing

• Condensed structural formula, only C-H bonds
  understood
• CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3

25
Formula Writing

• Condensed structural formula, bonds understood
  repeats in ()
• CH3(CH2)2CH3

26
Formula Writing

• Carbon skeleton, C-H bonds omitted
• C-C-C-C

27
Formula Writing

• Complete structural formula
• H H H H
• H C C C C H
• H H H H

28
Stick or minimal Structures
29
Stick Structures

• Line ends joints represent carbons
• Hydrogens understood
• Others draw

30
Alkane Shapes

• In 2 dimensions we draw bond ?s as 90o
• The true bond ?s are 109.5o
• Tetrahedral in shape

31
Draw the following

• Propane octane
• hexane pentane
• butane methane
• heptane ethane

32
Name the compound on the board
33
Draw the following
5-butyl-3-ethyl-4-cyclohexyl-,2,2-dimethyl-6-propy
lnonane
34
Name the following