Biosecurity for Dairy Producers

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Biosecurity for Dairy Producers

• Angie Dement
• Extension Associate for Veterinary Medicine
• Texas AgriLife Extension Service
• College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical
  Sciences
• Texas AM System
• College Station, TX 77843
• http//aevm.tamu.edu

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• What is biosecurity?
• Best management practices that prevent infectious
  diseases from being introduced into a herd or
  flock.

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Epidemiology of Disease

• Epidemiology
• Study of the way disease is distributed in
  populations and factors that influence or
  determine the distribution
• Exposure
• Immunity

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• Means of Transmission
• Direct
• Susceptible animals come into direct or close
  contact with an infected, contagious animal
• Indirect
• Animals come into contact with infected or
  contaminated animate vectors, inanimate vehicles
  and environmental fomites

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• Routes of Transmission
• Aerosol inhalation
• Oral
• Reproductive
• Skin contact
• Blood

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• Sources
• Carrier/Reservoir Animals
• Aerosol Droplets
• Nasal Fluid
• Ocular Fluid
• Saliva
• Manure
• Urine
• Milk
• Fetal Fluid
• In-Utero
• Genital Fluid
• Blood
• Carcass

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• Vectors
• Ticks
• Flies
• Mosquitoes
• Scavengers

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• Vehicles
• Instruments
• Needle
• Ear tagger
• Tattooer
• Dehorner
• Nose tong
• Knife
• Utensils
• Bucket
• Trough

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• Environment
• Soil
• Water
• Food

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• Exposures
• Susceptible animals
• Mouth
• Nose
• Eyes
• Skin
• Teats
• Vagina
• Prepuce
• Transplacental
• Venereal
• Blood

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Immunity

• Definition
• Animals ability to resist a disease
• Types
• Natural
• Active
• Passive

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Vaccinations

• Prevent disease
• Provide antibodies

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• Work with veterinarian
• Follow label
• Dosage
• Storage
• Needle usage

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• FEAD Quick Facts
• http//aevm.tamu.edu

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• Biosecurity Practices for
• Dairy Producers

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Disease Risk Assessment

• Identify diseases and transmission
• Determine cost benefits

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General Practices

• Identify all animals
• Keep records
• Provide balanced ration
• Prevent manure contamination
• Prevent transmission
• Bunks
• Milking
• Reservoir animals
• Necropsy dead animals
• Carcass disposal plans

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Pre-weaned calves

• Vaccination programs
• Dam
• Calves
• Clean maternal lot
• Newborn calves
• Removal
• 10 body weight
• Navel health
• Separate calves
• Older animals
• Surface run-off
• Milk
• Colostrum
• Waste-milk

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Purchased Animals

• Quarantine new animals
• Vaccination program
• Collect herd history

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Replacement Heifers

• Isolate
• Vaccination program
• Manure contamination
• Quarantine returning animals

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Lactating Cows

• Equipment
• Established herd vs quarantined/sick
• Sick animals
• Isolate
• Separate fresh cows

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Dry Cows

• Dry cow treatments
• Teat sealants
• Vaccinate
• Not within 2 weeks of calving
• Separate dry and sick cows
• Balanced ration

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Bulls

• Test bulls
• Before purchasing
• Routinely for venereal diseases
• Vaccination program

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Semen Importation

• Purchase from known sources
• Infectious disease programs
• Know health history
• Monitor tanks

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Product Safety

• Culture
• New cows
• Bulk tanks
• Limited access to storage facilities
• Alarm systems
• Sanitize tank

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Premise Protection

• Visitors
• Designated meeting area
• Limit number of visitors
• Disinfect
• Visitors
• Trailers
• Vehicles
• Tires
• Disposable clothing and shoes
• Keep identification
• No physical contact with animals

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• Owners
• Clothing
• Disposable shoes
• Clothes
• Footbaths
• Equipment disinfectants
• Mycotoxin testing
• Law enforcement

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• Security
• Lock gates
• Post signs
• Random security checks
• Good perimeter fences
• Secure facilities
• Clean storage facilities before restocking
• Reduce wildlife contact
• Inventory materials
• Secure water sources
• Monitoring system
• Stranger alert

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• Transportation
• Disinfectants
• 1 part bleach to 1 part water
• Wash/disinfect
• Trailers
• Tires
• Mats
• Trucks
• Cleaning crews
• Clean everything
• Remove debris
• Leave disinfectant for 20-30 minutes
• Dry completely

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• Employees
• Wash hands
• Report sick animals
• Check out keys
• Safety and security meetings
• Guidelines for home animals
• Travel from other countries

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• Foreign Travelers
• 48 hours
• Disinfect clothing
• No contact with cattle

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If disease is suspected

• Routine observation
• Early detection
• Rapid reporting
• Contact veterinarian
• Report to TAHC
• 1-800-550-8242
• Prompt quarantine
• Rapid response
• Quick diagnosis

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• Be prepared
• Emergency contact list
• Critical premises information
• Lots
• Fences
• Storage facilities
• Site map

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Disaster Preparedness

• Possible natural disasters
• Disease outbreaks
• Floods
• Fires
• Hurricanes
• Tornadoes
• Winter storms
• Droughts

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• Possible Human Caused Disasters
• Traffic
• Terrorism Bioterrorism
• Power outages
• Explosions
• Hazardous material spills

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• AIC Plan
• Appendix off of local EM plan
• Determines what should be done before, during and
  after disaster
• Works with both livestock and pets/companion
  animals

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• List everything that must be done, and every
  person involved.
• Use the AIC plan only as a guide.
• Dont leave out details.
• Hold regular exercises.
• Communicate.
• Keep situation reports and activity logs of past
  scenarios.

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What are Foreign Animal Diseases?

• Disease that is not currently present in the
  United States
• Can be zoonotic

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How can a FAD come into U.S.?

• Natural
• Accidental
• Intentional (bioterrorist act)

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Foot and Mouth Disease

• Highly contagious
• Potential to spread rapidly
• People not affected
• Devastating
• Emotionally
• Economically
• Sociologically

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• Susceptible domestic and wild cloven-hoofed
  livestock
• Cattle
• Sheep
• Goats
• Domestic and feral swine
• Deer
• Llamas

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• Transmission
• Aerosol
• wind
• Mechanical
• people, vehicles, animals
• Biological
• movement of infected animals
• uncooked or undercooked meat products

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• If an outbreak occurs
• Restrictions
• Quarantines
• Eradication
• Slaughter of animals
• Proper disposal

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• FMD Outbreak in 2001 in Great Britian
• Delayed response
• 10,472 farms depopulated
• 4 million destroyed to stop disease
• 2.5 million humanely slaughtered
• Over 13 billion

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National Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic
Disease Defense

• Extension Train-the-Trainers Curriculum
• 
  

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National Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic
Disease Defense
Extension Train-the-Trainers Curriculum
Chapter 1.........................................
......................Potential
Occurrences Chapter 2 ............................
................................................Ep
idemiology Chapter 3 ............................
.............................Foreign Animal
Diseases Chapter 4 ...............................
.Emerging and Endemic Animal Diseases Chapter 5
................................Biosecurity Best
Management Practices Chapter 6 ...................
.................State Animal Diseases Response
Plan Chapter 7 ...................................
................................Extension EM
Plan Chapter 8 ...................................
...........................County/Local EM
Plan Chapter 9 ...................................
..Media Relations and Communications Chapter 10
..................................................
........Teaching Effectiveness Chapter 11
..................................................
..........Curriculum Evaluation

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• Questions?

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