QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES:

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QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES THE SECOND QUANTUM
REVOLUTION
Jonathan P. Dowling
Quantum Computing Technologies Group
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
California Institute of Technology
http//cs.jpl.nasa.gov/qct.html/qat.html
JPD Gerard J. Milburn, to appear in Phil.
Trans. Roy. Soc. London (quant-ph/0206091)
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Quantum SciencesThe First Revolution
1900s Planck Blackbody Law 1920s Quantum
Mechanics Completed 1920s Relativistic Quantum
Mechanics 1920s Dirac Quantizes EM
Field 1930s Blochs Theory of Solid
State 1940s Quantum Electrodynamics 1950s
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1950s Masers and
Atomic Clocks 1950s Theory of Superconductivity
1960s Invention of the Laser 1980s Laser
Cooling of Atoms and Ions 1990s
Bose-Einstein Condensates
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Quantum TechnologyThe Second Revolution Harnessi
ng Entanglement and Coherent Quantum Systems
1970s Optical Tests of Bells Inequalities
1980s Quantum Cryptography (QKD)
Invented 1980s Quantum Computing Invented
1994 QKD Demonstrated over 10km Fiber 1994
Factoring Algorithm Discovered 1994 Ekerts
Talk on Factoring Algorithm at ICAP 1994-95
NIST DoD Workshops on QC 1995 DoD Funding for
QC Comes Online 1996 Quantum Error CorrectionQC
Scalable! 1997 XOR in Ion Traps and Cavity QED
1998 Kane Scheme for QC in Semiconductors 19
99 Nakamura Observes Rabi Oscillations in
SQUIDs 2000 Four-Fold Entanglement in Ion
Trap 2001 Scalable Linear Optical Quantum
Computing 2002 Clark Constructs Four-Qubit Kane
Prototype Mockup 2003 Nakamura Entangles a SQUID
Pair
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Quantum Technology The Second Quantum Revolution
JPD G.J. Milburn, Philosophical Transactions
of the Royal Soc. of London (quant-ph/0206091)
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Quantum Computing Information
Quantum Algorithms
Quantum Information
Quantum Cryptoanalysis
Quantum Search and Integrals
Quantum Key Distribution
Factoring Algorithm
Relativistic Quantum Information Theory
Quantum Error Correction
Quantum Channel Capacity
Fault Tolerant Q. Computing
Quantum Message Authentication
Q. Computing Complexity
Quantum Information Hardware
Cavity QED Logic Gates
Error Correction
Fiber and Free Space Q. Key Distribution
Nuclear Spins on a Chip
Coulomb Blockade Device
Solid State Quantum
Logic Gate
Superconducting Quantum Interference
Ion Trap Q. Register
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Coherent Quantum Electronics
Quantum Dots
Coherent Mesoscopic SQUIDS
Electron Phase Devices
Artificial Atoms
Superconducting Phase Interference
ExcitonsArtificial Atoms II
Charge Based Interference
Cavity QED in Solid Solid State
Quantum Size Effects
Control of Phonon-The-Destroyer
Entangled SQUIDS -- Super Mag. Sensors?
Excitonic BEC Just Around the Corner?
Spintronics
Electron Spin Transport in Solid State
Q. Dot
Nuclear-Electronic Interactions
NMR Computing Qubits
Single Nucleus as Sensor
Superconducting Q. Circuit
Exciton
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Quantum Nano-Electro-Mechanical Devices (Q-NEMS)
Coherent Phonon Manipulation
Quantum Nano-Mechanical Devices
Cantilever
Phonon Resonators
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CIT
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Pendula
Phonon Interferometer
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CIT
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Single Spin Magnetic Force Microscopy
Phononic Band-Gap Materials
Control of Phonon-The-Destroyer
Phonon Laser and Squeezed States
Macroscopic Interference
Bucky Ball and UP Interferometers
Phonon Squeezing
Mesoscopic Cat States
Entangled States of Mech. Resonators
Q. Mech. Resonator
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Relationship Between Quantum and Nano-Technologies
QuTech Drives NanoTech
QuTech
Nano-electronics and Q-NEMS
NanoTech
NanoTech Drives QuTech
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The Detector Manifesto
For years we have used commercial off the shelf
(APD) photo-detectors that we jury rigged to act
with single or few photon resolution. There is
a real need for a foundry and RD effort that
would allow the researchers  to submit designs
for particular detectors optimized to do
particular quantum things. A lot of time and
effort has been spent on single photon sources,
but the single-photon detectors are equally
important, and have been given the short shrift
so far. Such a foundry / RD effort is not
coming out of commercial industry, so it is up to
the Government to help us make these.
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Moral of the Story Not all Single Photon
Sources and Hence Not all Single Photon Detectors
are Suitable for For the Same Applications!
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Suitability of Single Photon Detectors
Application Speed Efficiency Number Res. QKD
Transmit High Medium No QKD Attach High High
Yes Gravity Wave Det. High High No Quantum
Comm. High High Yes Classical
Comm. High High No Lin. Opt.
QC High High High
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Single Photon Sources Detectors are Reciprocal
Devices
Reciprocity Invariance of Maxwells Equations
Under Time Reversal Parity. Electrical
Engineers Adage Every Good Antenna is Just as
Good of an Emitter. Observation Large,
Macroscopic Photon Sources and Detectors are
Fundamentally Different From Each Other Because
They are In Thermal Equilibrium, Breaking Time
Reversal. Conclusion Nanoscopic Single-Photon
Detectors Will be Nearly Identical to
SourcesMode Matching, Q-Factors, Etc.
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Single-Photon Detectors with Atomic Ensembles
Moral Look for Detector Schemes to Come Out of
Places OTHER Than You May ExpectAMO, Neutrino
Cherenkov Detectors, Astronomical Bolometers, .
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