CRISIS AND TRANSFORMATION 13501650

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CRISIS AND TRANSFORMATION 1350-1650

• Feudal Crisis in Europe
• Black Death
• Decline in Population and its consequences
• Economic response (the end of feudalism)
• Political response (the rise of the modern state)
• The rise and fall of Spain
• The Modern World

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1350-1450

• Crisis Ottoman Ming
• in Europe Empire Dynasty

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Black Death by Pieter Brueghel
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Population of Europe(Million)

• 1200 61
• 1300 73
• 1350 51
• 1400 45
• 1450 60
• 1550 78

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Plague Doctor with Mask
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Flagellants
Tournai (Flanders)
Constance, Switzerland)
Seventh Seal Ingmar Bergman
Nuremberg
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Black Death- Burning Jews (1349)
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Population of Europe(Million)

• 1200 61
• 1300 73
• 1350 51
• 1400 45
• 1450 60
• 1550 78

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Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern
World (13501650)

• II. RESPONSE
• In Agriculture
• 1. Pressure on Peasants
• 2. Enclosures
• 3. Loans
• In Manufacture
• Decline of Guilds

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Two stages

• The king, feudal lords, the towns, the church
  seek common solution.
• Centralized power in monarchies

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A European Army of the Sixteenth Century in
Marching Order
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Tax Office, Pieter Brueghel
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Political TransformationsThe rise of the modern
state

• Stages in the emergence of the modern state
• New Institutions
• New economic policies
• New Sources of Legitimacy
• Europe and the world

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New Institutions

• Roman Law
• Professional Army
• Financing the State
• Taxation
• Sale of offices
• Tax Farming
• Economic policy

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Economic policy

• External
• Using trade as a means for strengthening the
  state (Mercantilism )
• exports over imports
• no exp of bullion
• seek colonies
• national markets
• navigation laws
• control manufacturing and trade
• Internal
• Controlling the poor (Elizabethan Poor Laws)

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New Sources of Legitimacy

• Internal (Empire, nation)
• International (Westphalia System, 1648)
• States are sovereign in internal affairs
• International borders are accepted as inviolable

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End of the Feudal Order

• Stronger States
• Decline of religious authority
• Shift o economic center from the Mediterranean to
  the Northwest corner of Europe
• New sources of food, precious metals, raw
  materials and labor in Americas and Africa

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1450-1650

• Europe Middle East
  Asia
• Transformation
• Econ. Polit. Ottoman Portug.
• Empire Dutch in
• SEA
• End of feudal
• relations, State
• Expansion