in Suphanburi, Thailand

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Factors Influencing Adolescent Depression
in Suphanburi, Thailand
Assist. Prof. Chuncharaporn Sinsiri Faculty of
Nursing Thammasat University
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Background and Significance of the Study
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Purposes of the Study
1. Find out of Prevalence rate
2. Investigate environment factors
influencing Adolescent depression
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Conceptual Feamework
Extrapersonal Env. Factors
Intrapersonal Env. Factors
Interpersonal Env. Factors
-Education of household head -Marital status of
parents -Number of family member - Family
income - Availability of mental health guidance
services in school
Adapted from the Neuman System Model (Neuman,1995)
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Literature Review
1. Growth and Development of Adol.
2. Ethiology of depression
3. Depression in adolescent
4. Factors influencing adolescent Depression
based on Neumans System model
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Research methodology
- Research design
- Descriptive Research
- Population and sampling

• Population middle and late adolescent
• in high schools 13,008 persons

- Multistage random 400 persons
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School Mapping
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Instrumentation
1. General characteristics of respondents
2. CES-D scale
3. Parent Child Bonding Instrument
4. Relationship with Friends
5. Mental Health Guidance Acessibility
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Data Analysis
1. Frequency, Percentage 2. Discriminant analysis
Result
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Table 1 Demographic data
Number (N400)
Characteristics
Percentage
Gender
Male 198 49.50 Female 202 50.50
Age (Year)
Less 16 ?? 30 7.60 16 - 17 275 68.70 Over
17 95 23.70 ( x 16.72, S.D. 0.93 , Min
14 , MAX 19)
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Table 1 (Cont.)
Characteristics Number (N400) Percentage
Number of brothers and sisters
Non 39 9.60 1 - 2 305 76.20 3 and
more 56 14.20 ( x 2.62 , S.D. 1.15
, Min 0 , MAX 12)
Birth order
First 185 46.30 Second 121 30.30 Third
69 17.30 Forth and above 25 6.10 ( x
1.87 , S.D. 1.10 , Min 1 , MAX 12)
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Table 2 Socio-economic Characteristics of the
Respondents
Characteristics Number (N400) Percentage
Educational Level
Mathayomsuksa 4 148 37.00 Mathayomsuksa
5 137 34.50 Mathayomsuksa 6 115 28.50
Educational Achievement (Grade point average)
Lower than 2.00 98 24.50 2.00 -
2.99 220 55.00 3.00 - 4.00 82 20.50
( x 2.47 , S.D. 0.59 , Min 1.24 , MAX
3.84 )
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Table 2 (Cont.)
Characteristics Number
(N400) Percentage
Head of household
Father 307 76.80 Mother
78 19.50 Grand parent or relatives 15 3.70
Education of household head
No formal education 6 1.50 Prathomsuksa
226 56.50 Mathayomsaksa 3
48 12.00 Mathayomsuksa 5, Vocational
33 8.30 Advance-vocational certificate
and Diploma 15 3.70 Bachelor degree of higher
72 18.00
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Table 2 (Cont.)
Characteristics Number (N400)
Percentage
Marital status of the parent
Married 332 83.00 Divorced /
Separated 43 10.75 Widower
25 6.25
Number of family members (persons)
1 - 3 46 11.50 4 - 6 320 80.00 7
and over 34 8.50
( x 4.78 , S.D. 1.32 , Min 1 , MAX 12)
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Table 2 (Cont.)
Characterisrics Number (N400)
Percentage
Family composition
Parent and children 257 64.40 Parent,
children and relatives
75 18.80 Children and relatives
15 3.80 Single-parents and
children 53 13.30
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Table 2 (Cont.)
Characteristics Number (N400) Percentage
Monthly Family Income (Bath)
Less than 5,001 97 24.30 5,001
- 10,000 118 29.50 10,001 -
15,000 48 12.00 15,001- 20,000 41 10.30
20,000 - 25,000 20 5.00 25,001 -
30,000 21 5.30 Over 30,000 55 13.80
( x 16,114.90 , S.D. 16,629.55 , Min
1,500 , MAX 150,000)
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Table 2 (Cont.)
Characteristics Number (N400) Percentage
Loss event (Within last 6 months)
No 317
79.00 Yes 83 21.00
Having problem with friend or separated
from friend
29 34.90
Dead of friend 22 26.50 Dead of
relatives 15 18.10 Severe
illness 8 9.60 Separated from
parents 6 7.20 Dead of parents
3 3.60 Being betrayal 3
3.60 Dead of pet 1 1.20
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Table 3 Number, Percentage, and Bonding Level
of the Respondents Classified by
Parent-Child Bonding Score
Parent-child bonding Number (400)
Percentage Bonding Level
score
51 - 75 224 56.00 Good 26 50
172 43.00
Moderate 0-25 4 1.00
Poor
( x 51.03 , S.D. 8.41 , Min 20 , MAX 75)
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Table 4 Number, Percentage, and Level of
Relationship with friend of the
Respondents Classified by Relationship with
friend Score
Relationship with friend Number (400)
Percentage Level of score

Relationship with friend
14 - 20 372 93.00 Good 7 13
28 7.00
Moderate 0-6 0 0.00
Poor
( x 16.78 , S.D. 1.91 , Min 10 , MAX 20)
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Table 5 Number, Percentage of the Respondents
Classified by Perceived
Availiability of Mental Health Guidance
Service in School
Mental Health Guidance
Number (N400) Percentage
Service in School
Complete with 5 dimension 263
65.80 Incomplete
137 34.20
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Table 6 Number, Percentage, and Depression
Classification of the Respondents
Classified by Depression Score
Depression scores Number (400)
Percentage Depression Classification
0 - 15 221 55.20 Non Depression 16 -
60 179 44.80 Depression
( x 15.44 , S.D. 6.19 , Min 2 , MAX 36)
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Table 7 Means and Standard Deviations of the
Independent Variables A Comparison between
Depression and Non-Depression Stage
Independent Depression Group Non Depression
Group Total Univariate variable
F-values
X S.D.
X S.D.
X S.D.
Gender 0.46 0.50 0.53 0.50 0.50
0.50 1.764 Education Level 4.82 0.80 5.00
0.80 4.92 0.80 4.424 Education Achieve.
2.41 0.62 2.52 0.57 2.50 0.60 3.448
Parent-Child 47.47 8.08 53.92 7.50 51.04
8.41 68.049 Bonding Rel. with Friends
16.23 2.11 17.22 1.60 16.78 2.00
27.947 Loss Events 0.25
0.44 0.18 0.40 0.21 0.41 3.358 Education
of Household Head 7.41 4.83 8.48 5.21
8.00 5.07 4.463 Marital Status of Parents
0.80 0.40 0.83 0.37 0.82
0.40 0.750
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Table 7 (Cont.)
Inde. Var. Depression Group Non Depression
Group Total Univariate

F - values
X S.D.
X S.D.
X S.D.
Number of Family Members 4.74 1.44 4.82
1.22 4.78 13.2 0.277 Family Income
14,369 14,162 17,529 18,297 16,115 16,630 3,595 A
vailability of Mental Health Guidance in
Schools 3.82 1.26 3.88 1.27 3.85 1.26 0.198

P lt .001 at 1 and 398 df p lt .05 at 1
and 398 df
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Table 9 Stepwise Descrimination Analysis of
Variables Using Raos Method
Step Variables Wilks Raos Change Sig
Sig Lamda V in
V Of F Of V

1 Parent-child bonding 0.854 68.049
68.049 .000 .000 2
Relationship with friends 0.819 87.697
19.648 .000 .000
P lt .05
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Table 10 Discriminating Variables Classified by
Standardized and Unstandardized Discriminant
Function Coefficients
Discriminant function coefficients
Discriminating Variables
Standardized
Unstandardized

Parent-child bonding 0.830 0.107 Relationship
with friends constant 0.467 0.258 Constant
-9.766
Eigenvalue Canonical Wilks
Chi-square Df Sig.
Correlation Lambda
0.220 0.425 0.819
79.056 2 0.000
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Table 11 Estimated Results of the Respondents
Depression by Discriminant Function
Predicted Group Membership
Number
Actual Group Membership
Discriminant power
Non-depression
Depression

Depression 117 62 179
(65.4) (34.6)
67.8 Non-depression 67 154
221 (30.3) (69.7 )
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DISCUSSION
1. The Prevalence of Adolescent Depression
(44.8) 2. Factors Influencing Adolescent
Depression - Intrapersonal environmental
factors - Interpersonal environmental factors
Parent-child bonding
relationship with friend - Extrapersonal
environmental factors
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

• THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY
• FACULTY OF NURSING, TU
• SCHOOL, STUDENTS, TEACHER SUPHANBURI
  PROVINCE, THAILAND
• SCHOOL OF NURSING, UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA

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