Chapter 31 Section 3

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Chapter 31 Section 3
The Global Conflict Allied Successes
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• Setting the Scene
• World War II was fought on a larger scale and in
  more places than any other conflict in history.
  It was also more costly in terms of human life
  than any previous war. Civilians, as well as
  soldiers, were targets. In 1941, a reporter
  visited a Russian town that had been home to
  10,000 people before the German invasion. The
  reporter found a lone survivor "She was a blind
  old woman who had gone insane. I saw her
  wandering barefooted around the village, carrying
  a few dirty rags, a rusty pail, and a tattered
  sheepskin.
• From 1939 until mid-1942, the Axis ran up a
  string of successes. The conquerors blasted
  villages and towns and divided up the spoils.
  Then the Allies won some key victories. Slowly,
  the tide began to turn.

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I. Occupied Lands - Europe

• The Axis set out to build a "new order" in the
  occupied lands of Europe, Asia and the Pacific

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I. Occupied Lands - Europe

• The Nazis stripped conquered nations of art,
  factories, and resources inferior races to
  forced to work as slave laborers

The World Jewish Congress says the Nazis seized
up to 30 billion worth of art
Slave laborers in the Buchenwald concentration
camp
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I. Occupied Lands - Europe

• Hitler's policy was to kill all "racially
  inferior" people Jews, Slavs, Gypsies,
  homosexuals, communists, the mentally ill, etc.

Crematoriums at the Nazi concentration camp in
Weimar, Germany, April 1945
Gas Chamber at Auschwitz
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I. Occupied Lands - Europe

• Jews were forced into ghettos and concentration
  camps by 1941, Nazis planned for the "final
  solution of the Jewish problem"

Jews rounded up after the 1943 Warsaw Ghetto
Uprising
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I. Occupied Lands - Europe

• Hitler had special death camps built in places
  like Auschwitz, Sobibor, and Treblinka

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I. Occupied Lands - Europe

• By 1945, the Nazis had murdered six million Jews
  and 6 million other "undesirable" people - the
  Holocaust

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II. Occupied Lands - Asia

• Under the slogan "Asia for Asians," Japan created
  the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

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II. Occupied Lands - Asia

• Japanese killed and tortured civilians, destroyed
  cities and towns, and made people into slave
  laborers

During the six weeks of the Nanking Massacre, the
Chinese were not simply murdered. They were
tortured, humiliated, and raped. The Japanese
used a wide variety of methods of murder.
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III. The Allied War Effort

• 1942 the Big Three - Roosevelt, Churchill, and
  Stalin - agreed to defeat Hitler first and then
  concentrate on Japan

The "Big Three" Yalta Churchill, Roosevelt and
Stalin
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III. The Allied War Effort

• The Allies were committed to total war -
  governments directed the economy, rationed goods,
  and regulated prices and wages

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III. The Allied War Effort

• Governments limited the rights of citizens,
  censored the press, and used propaganda to win
  public support for the war

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III. The Allied War Effort

• As men joined the military, millions of women
  built ships, tanks, and planes produced
  munitions and staffed offices

Rosie the Riveterby Norman Rockwell
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III. The Allied War Effort

• Women served in the military, fought in the
  resistance, and became soldiers in the Red Army

Marie-Madeleine Fourcade
USSR Soldier
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IV. Turning Points

• 1942 and 1943 - the Allies pushed back the Axis
  powers and turned the tide of war

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IV. Turning Points

• British Gen. Montgomery and American Gen.
  Eisenhower defeated Rommel in May 1943 at El
  Alamein

General Bernard Montgomery, Monty
General Dwight D. Eisenhower Ike
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IV. Turning Points

• July 1943, Allies landed in Sicily and moved into
  southern Italy, defeating the Italian forces

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IV. Turning Points

• The Italians overthrew Mussolini and signed an
  armistice, but fighting did not end until 18
  months later

The bodies of Benito Mussolini and his mistress,
Clara Petacci were hung by their heels after
being killed by Italian partisans in Milan, April
1945
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IV. Turning Points

• 1943 - After winning the Battle of Stalingrad,
  the Red Army advanced into Eastern Europe

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IV. Turning Points

• The Allies invaded France on D-Day - June 6,
  1944 by September all of France was free

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IV. Turning Points

• The Allies focused on conquering Germany first
  before defeating Japan