Byzantine Empire Orthodox Christianity

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Byzantine EmpireOrthodox Christianity

• Chapter 9

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• Vocabulary
• 1. Justinian
• 2. Hagia Sophia
• 3. Bulgaria
• 4. Icons
• 5. Iconoclasm
• 6. Kiev
• 7. Vladimir I
• 8. Russian Orthodoxy
• 9. Boyars
• 10. Tatars

11. Byzantine Empire 12. Constantinople 13.
Orthodox Christian Church 14. Constantine 15.
Huns 16. Hellenistic culture 17. Greek fire 18.
Tsar 19. Cyrillic alphabet
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• I. The Byzantine Empire
• A. How it started
• 1. Emperor Constantine 4th Century C.E.
• a. Constantinople built replaced Byzantium
• b. Empire divided
• --Capitals at Rome and Constantinople
• c. Greek, not Latin,
  became the official
  language in the
  6th century

The Eastern Empire flourished economically as the
western empire faded.
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• B. Justinian
• 1. Attempts reconquest of Italy
• a. Ultimately failsweakens the east
  militarily economically
• b. Slavs, Persians attack
• 2. Rebuilds Constantinople
• a. Hagia Sophia
• 3. Legal codification foundation of later
  European law

The Byzantine Empire under Justinian
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• C. Defending the Empire
• 1. Center of empire shifts to east Emperors
  realized that expanding wasnt possibleneeded
  to defend the east
• 2. Constant external threats
• a. Arab Muslims
• --Attacks took almost half of Byzantine
  territory
• --Were still unable to conquer Constantinople
• b. Bulgars attacked the Balkans
• --Defeated in the 11th century

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• D. Byzantine Society and Politics
• 1. Emperors resemble Chinese rulers
• a. Court ritual rulers have blessing of
  Godsimilar to the mandate of heaven in
  classical China
• b. Head of church and statewasnt the case in
  the west
• 2. Sophisticated bureaucracy Open to all
  classes
• a. Trained in Hellenistic knowledge
• 3. Provincial governors kept in check by spies
• 4. Economic control
• a. Government regulated food prices, trade
• --Peasants provided food most of the taxes
• b. Silk production allowed economic expansion
• 5. Trade network Asia, Russia, Scandinavia,
  Europe, Africa
• 6. Arts Architecture (domed buildings), art
  (mosaics)

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• E. Christianity Splits East and West
• 1. Churches held many different beliefscould
  not come to agreement
• a. Roman Catholicism didnt like the influence
  of secular leaders in church affairs
• 2. Patriarch Michael
• a. 1054, attacks Catholic practices communion
  bread, celibacy
• 3. Mutual excommunication leads to final split

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• F. The End of the Byzantine Empire
• 1. 11th Century Empire lost lands in Asia and
  effective control over much of the Balkan
  peninsula
• 2. Seljuk Turks take most of Asian provinces in
  Anatolia after defeating the Byzantines at
  Manzikert
• 3. Slavic states emerge Begin to form kingdoms
  in Balkans
• 4. Appeal to Western Europe brings crusaders
• a. 1204, crusaders sack
  Constantinople
• 5. Constantinople taken by Ottoman
  Turks in 1453
• a. 1461, empire is gone

The Byzantine Empire, 1000-1100
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• The Byzantine Empire

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• II. Byzantine Civilization Spreads
• A. Eastern Europe
• 1. Catholic vs. Orthodox
• a. Ideologies battle for converts
• 2. Catholics win in some areas
• a. Czechs, Hungary, Poland
• b. Latin dominates
• 3. Jews from western Europe
• a. Come to escape persecuti
  on

Spreads through conquest, conversion,
trade! Orthodox Church allowed the use of the
vernacular!
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• B. The Kievan Rus
• 1. Slavs
• a. Iron, agriculture
• b. Combine with previous settlers
• --Animistic religion
• 2. 6th, 7th centuries
• a. Scandinavian merchants trade with the
  Byzantine empire
• 3. Monarchy forms (855 C.E.)
• a. Center at Kiev
• 4. Vladimir I (980-1015)
• a. Converts to Orthodoxy
• b. Controls church and state

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• C. Culture in Kievan Rus
• 1. Influenced by Byzantine patterns
• a. Rulers powerful in both religious
  political matters
• 2. Orthodox influence
• a. Ornate churches, icons, saints entered
  Russian culture
• b. Monasticism grew in Russia
• 3. Free farmers were the main social class
• 4. Boyars Land-owning nobles
• a. Less powerful than nobles in Western Europe

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• D. Kievan Decline
• 1. Decline from 12th century
• a. Rival princes competed for by setting up
  competing governmentsdisputes centered on
  succession struggles
• 2. Asian invaders seized territory from the Rus
• 3. Mongols (Tatars)
• a. 13th century, take Russian cities
• b. Traditional culture survived as long as
  tribute was paid
• E. The End of an Era in Eastern Europe
• 1. Mongol invasions usher in new period
• a. Russia declined, Byzantium fell
• 2. East and West further separated West
  advanced in both power and sophistication