Lipids fats

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• Lipids (fats)
• Carbohydrates (sugar)
• Protein

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ENERGY

• 1st Law of Thermodynamics
• Energy cant be created or destroyed, it can only
  change forms.

chemical ? mechanical
chemical? mechanical
electrical ? mechanical
heat ? mechanical
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Photosynthesis
6 CO2 6H2O energy? C6H12O6 6O2
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Metabolism

• Metabolism The sum of all reactions occurring
  in an organism
• Catabolism reactions involved in the breakdown
  of biomolecules release heat/energy
• Anabolism reactions involved in the synthesis
  of biomolecules absorb heat/energy

.
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ANABOLIC
CATABOLIC
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Metabolism

• Metabolism is the sum of catabolism and anabolism.

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Free Energy (G)

• A B ? C

A B
Free Energy (G)
10
C
5
If A B has more free energy than C, then the
change in free energy (?G) is negative.
Product (C) Reactants (A
B)
5-10 -5
If energy is given off in a reaction ?G is
negative favorable catabolic
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A B ? C
C
Free Energy (G)
10
A B
5
If A B has less free energy than C, then the
change in free energy (?G) is positive.
Product (C) Reactants (A
B)
10-5 5
If energy is absorbed in a reaction ?G is
positive unfavorable anabolic
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS
6 CO2 6H2O energy? C6H12O6 6O2
?G 686 kcal energy
C6H12O6 6 O2
Free Energy (G)
686
6 CO2 6 H2O
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CATABOLISM OF FOOD
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ATP Adenosine Triphosphate
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ATP ? ADP P
ATP
Free Energy (G)
7.3 kcal
ADP P
(G)Products (G)Reactants ?G ADP
P - ATP ?G -7.3 kcal
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ATP ? ADP P energy
Energy is given off?G is negative
ADP P energy ? ATP
Energy is absorbed ?G is positive
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MITOCHONDRIA
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Metabolism The sum of all reactions occurring
in an organism

• Goal is to couple reactions that give off energy
  with those that absorb energy
• A B ? AB
• AB is higher energy than A and B alone
• ?G is positive requires input of energy
  unfavorable

ATP ? ADP P
ADP and P are lower energy than ATP ?G is
negative releases energy favorable
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Coupled Reactions
A B ? AB
?G 4.3 kcal

• ATP ? ADP P

?G -7.3 kcal
?G -3.0
Overall ?G for coupled reaction -3.0 kcal
Coupled reaction would be FAVORABLE