THE FOUNDING OF GEORGIA

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THE FOUNDING OF GEORGIA
NAME JAMES EDWARD OGLETHORPE BORN 1696, SURREY
CO., ENGLAND YOUNGEST OF 10 CHILDREN ACCOMPLISHME
NTS -PARLIAMENT AT AGE 25 -LEADER IN PRISON
REFORM -GOT MANY OUT OF JAIL FOR SILLY
DEBTS - REQUESTED AND RECEIVED PERMISSION TO
FORM A NEW COLONY IN AMERICA WHERE
UNFORTUNATE POOR AND FORMER DEBTORS COULD
GO AND HAVE A SECOND CHANCE
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GEORGIA IS CREATED
SAVANNAH, GA. CIRCA. 1735
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JUNE 20, 1732
GEORGIA RECEIVES ITS OFFICIAL CHARTER
http//www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/states/ga01.htm
THE PARTS OF THE CHARTER

• SPECIFIED THE COLONIES BOUNDARIES
• SPECIFIED THE TYPE OF GOVERNMENT GEORGIA WOULD
• HAVE.
• SPECIFIED THE POWERS THE OFFICIALS PRESIDING OVER
• GEORGIA WOULD HAVE.
• 4. SPECIFIED THE RIGHTS OF ITS SETTLERS

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GEORGIAS 3 PURPOSES

• CHARITY TO HELP RELIEVE POVERTY AND UNEMPLOY
• MENT IN BRITAIN. GEORGIA WAS TO BE A
• HOME FOR THE WORTHY POOR.
• 2. ECONOMICS TO INCREASE BRITAINS TRADE AND
• WEALTH. GEORGIA WAS TO BE A PART OF
• THE MERCANTILE SYSTEM PROVIDING
• AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS TO ENGLAND
• AND BE A MARKET FOR FINISHED GOODS.
• DEFENSE GEORGIA WAS TO PROVIDE SOUTH CAROLINA
• WITH A BUFFER AGAINST INDIAN AND POS-
• SIBLE SPANISH OR FRENCH ATTACKS.

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A 4TH REASON LEFT OUT OF THE CHARTER
GEORGIA WAS ALSO SEEN BY ENGLAND AS A PLACE
WHERE PROTESTANTS BEING PERSEC- UTED IN ENGLAND
COULD COME AND LIVE IN RELIGIOUS FREEDOM.
RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IS A HUGE PART OF WHO WE
ARE TODAY.
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THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND
ALSO CALLED THE ANGLICAN CHURCH
ENGLANDS OFFICIAL CHURCH
THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
THOSE WHO SAW CORRUPTION IN THESE
CHURCHES WANTED TO LEAVE THESE GROUPS AND FORM
THEIR OWN CHURCHES IN THE NEW WORLD.
SPAIN AND FRANCES OFFICIAL CHURCH
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THE OFFICIAL CHURCH OF GEORGIA
THERE WAS NONE!!!!! RELIGIOUS FREEDOM WAS
GUARANTEED IN GEORGIAS CHARTER FOR ALL EXCEPT
CATHOLICS. UNFORTUNATELY, THE ISSUES BETWEEN
CATHOLICS AND PROTESTANTS IN EUROPE CARRIED OVER
TO THE NEW WORLD.
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WHY WERE CATHOLICS EXCLUDED?
SPANISH CATHOLIC FLORIDA WAS TO THE SOUTH SPAIN
OFFERED FREEDOM TO SLAVES WHO ESCAPED FROM SOUTH
CAROLINA AND CONVERTED TO CATHOLICISM. A
CATHOLIC EXCLUDING GEORGIA MIGHT STEM THE
NUMBERS OF SLAVES ESCAPING TO FLORIDA AND
STOP SLAVES WHO ESCAPED FROM RETURNING AND
STARTING A SLAVE REVOLT.
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UNFORTUNATELY, SLAVERY BEGAN WITH THIS COUNTRY
FROM THE VERY BEGINNING.
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GEORGIAS ORIGINAL BOUNDARIES
NORTHERN BOUNDARY SAVANNAH RIVER SOUTHERN
BOUNDARY ALTAMAHA RIVER EASTERN
BOUNDARY ATLANTIC OCEAN WESTERN
BOUNDARY PACIFIC OCEAN
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GEORGIA AS A TRUSTEE COLONY
GEORGIA WAS UNIQUE AMONG ALL THE COLONIES FOR ITS
FIRST 20YRS GEORGIA WAS NOT ROYAL, PROPRIETARY,
OR CORPORATE. IT WAS THE ONLY COLONY RUN BY A
GROUP OF TRUSTEES.
Oglethorpe and 20 other English gentlemen of high
social status were responsible for the
affairs of Georgia. They were Not to make
decisions that benefited them per- sonally, but
decisions that benefited the colony as a whole.
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RESTRICTIONS ON THE TRUSTEES

• TRUSTEES COULD NOT RECEIVE A SALARY.
• TRUSTEES COULD NOT OWN LAND IN THE COLONY.
• TRUSTEES COULD NOT HOLD PUBLIC OFFICE IN THE
• COLONY.

THE TRUSTEE MOTTO
NOT FOR OURSELVES, BUT OTHERS
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A MODEL SOCIETY
THE TRUSTEES WANTED GEORGIA TO BE A GREAT SOCIAL
EXPERIMENT. THEY WANTED GEORGIA TO BECOME A
PLACE WHERE THERE WAS NO POVERTY, CRIME, AND
HOMELESS- NESS.
FOR EXAMPLE, THOUGH SLAVERY WAS ALLOWED IN THE
OTHER COLONIES, IT WAS OUTLAWED IN GEORGIA BY
THE TRUSTEES. YES, WHAT MANY AGREE TO BE ONE OF
THE BIGGEST SLAVE STATES IN AMERICAN
HISTORY, STARTED OUT WITH NO SLAVES BEING ALLOWED
AT ALL!!!
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CREATING A MODEL SOCIETY

• HOW DID THEY INTEND TO DO IT?
• STRICT RULES ON LAND AND WORK
• CAREFULLY SELECTED COLONISTS

TASK 1 - FUNDRAISER
TASK 2 - CHOOSING GOOD COLONISTS
THE SUMMER OF 1732 WAS SPENT GIVING SPEECHES,
RUN- NING NEWSPAPER ARTICLES, PREACHING SERMONS,
AND ASKING FOR MONEY TO SEND COLONISTS WHO WERE
DEEMED AS HARD WORKING SKILLED INDIVIDUALS
WHO WERE JUST DOWN ON THEIR LUCK.
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THE GEORGIA COLONISTS
http//www.spanishflorida.net/
35 families were chosen originally to go on the
Anne to Georgia. None of them were debtors
released from prison. Instead, each had Skills
that were thought would be necessary to help the
colony survive.
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TO RECEIVE FREE PASSAGE, LAND TO FARM, TOOLS TO
WORK WITH, WEAPONS TO PROTECT THEMSELVES WITH,
AND FOOD UNTIL THEIR FIRST HARVEST COLONISTS HAD
TO CLEAR LAND, RAISE CROPS, BUILD HOUSES AND
PUBLIC BUILDINGS, AND FOLLOW TRUSTEE RULES.
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THE FIRST COLONISTS SAIL TO GEORGIA
WHEN LEFT - NOVEMBER 1732 ARRIVED JANUARY
1733 WHO JAMES OGLETHORPE AND 114 SETTLERS (35
FAMILIES) WHERE CHARLESTOWN, S.C. TRAVEL TIME
57 DAYS SHIPS NAME THE ANNE
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SAVANNAH
LOCATION 18 MILES UPSTREAM FROM THE
OCEAN INDIAN NAME YAMACRAW BLUFF NEARBY
SETTLERS JOHN AND MARY MUSGROVE (OPERATED A
TRADING POST) OWNER OF THE LAND CREEK
CHIEF TOMOCHICHI
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TOMOCHICHI

• WHY DID TOMOCHICHI GIVE UP HIS
• LAND?
• HIS PEOPLE WERE NOT FARMERS
• HIS PEOPLE HAD BECOME DEPEN-
• DENT ON ENGLISH GOODS
• HE THOUGHT HAVING THE ENGLISH
• SO NEARBY WOULD IMPROVE THE
• STANDARD OF LIVING OF HIS
• PEOPLE.

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GEORGIA DAY
FEB. 12, 1733 COLONISTS ARRIVE AT YAMACRAW
BLUFF THIS IS THE YEAR MOST CONSIDER AS GEORGIAS
YEAR OF FOUNDING EVEN THOUGH GEORGIA WAS CREATED
IN 1732.
THIS STAMP WAS ISSUED BY THE U.S. POST OFFICE IN
1933 TO COMMEMORATE GEORGIAS 200TH BIRTHDAY.
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EARLY SAVANNAH
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MORTISE CHISEL
GIMLET
BITSTOCK
AUGER
BENCH PLANE
CROSS CUT AND PIT SAWS
FRAME SAWS
SAVANNAH WAS BUILT BY HAND USING HAND TOOLS
SIMILAR TO THE ONES YOU SEE HERE.
CLAW HAMMER
TRI-SQUARE
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THE NEAR DOWNFALL OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA WAS
THE WATER OF THE RIVER. COLONISTS DRANK IT AND
BECAME SICK. 1 OUT OF 4 DIED!
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THE KILLER!!!
INGESTED WHEN THEY DRANK THE RIVER WATER, THIS
LITTLE GUY MADE PEOPLE VIOLENTLY SICK WITH
UNCON- TROLABLE DIARHEA LEADING TO DEHYDRATION
AND DEATH.
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WHAT SAVED GEORGIA?
DIGGING A WELL AND THE ARRIVAL OF NEW
COLONISTS ALONG WITH A DOCTOR TO REPLACE THE ONE
THAT DIED, SAVED THE COLONY.
GEORGIA BEGAN TO GET ON ITS FEET, WHILE NEARLY
EVERY GEORGIAN WAS IN A HOUSE, OGLETHORPE
RE- FUSED TO BUILD A HOUSE FOR HIMSELF UNTIL
EVERY COLONIST HAD ONE.
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GROWING PAINS

• AFTER A WHILE, PARADISE DID NOT SEEM TO WONDERFUL
• AFTER ALL. HEAVY FREQUENT RAINS, BITING INSECTS,
  
• HEAT, AND HUMIDITY BEGAN TO CAUSE MANY COLONISTS
• TO GRUMBLE AND COMPLAIN.
• THE 3 THINGS THEY COMPLAINED ABOUT THE MOST WERE
• THE RESTRICTIONS ON LAND OWNERSHIP AND INHER-
• ITANCE.
• THE BAN ON SLAVERY
• THE PROHIBITION ON RUM AND OTHER HARD LIQUORS

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RESTRICTIONS ON LAND

• LAND OWNERSHIP WAS
• LIMITED.
• EACH HEAD OF THE FAM-
• ILY GOT 50 TO 500 ACRES
• DEPENDING ON WHETHER
• THEY PAID THEIR OWN
• WAY OR NOT.
• NO NEW LAND WAS GIVEN
• TO REPLACE BAD LAND.
• YOU COULD NOT SELL OR
• LEASE YOUR LAND. IF
• YOU DID NOT WANT IT, IT
• WENT BACK TO THE TRUS-
• TEES.

• IF YOU HAD NO SON, IT COULD NOT BE
• LEFT TO A FEMALE. IT WENT BACK TO
• THE TRUSTEES.

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THE BAN ON SLAVERY
GEORGIANS WERE JEALOUS OF THE FACT THAT EVERY
OTHER COLONY IN AMERICA HAD SLAVE LABOR.
OGLETHORPE WAS VERY STRONGLY OPPOSED TO THE
PRACTICE.
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NO RUM OR HARD LIQUOR
MANY COLONISTS DIDNT LIKE THE FACT THAT THEY
COULD DRINK BEER AND WINE, BUT THEY COULD NOT
DRINK RUM OR HARD LIQUOR. MOST JUST IGNORED THE
BAN.
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BETWEEN A ROCK AND A HARD PLACE!
ON ONE SIDE WHEN OGLETHORPE EN- FORCED THE
RULES OF THE TRUSTEES THE COLONISTS COMPLAINED!
ON THE OTHER SIDE, IF HE RELAX- ED THE RULES THE
TRUSTEES WERE UPSET.
EVENTUALLY, THE POLICIES ON LAND AND SLAVERY WERE
REPEALED.
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BUILDING FORTS
GEORGIAS IMPORTANCE BECAME ITS MILITARY
VALUE. FORTS WERE BUILT NORTH OF DARRIEN AND ON
ST. SIMONS ISLAND.
FORT FREDERICA
BRITAINS LARGEST BASE IN AMERICA AT THE
TIME. FOR THE TIME BEING, A PEACE TREATY WAS IN
EFFECT BETWEEN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA.
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INDIAN RELATIONS
OGLETHORPE MAINTAINED A CLOSE FRIENDSHIP WITH
TOMOCHICHI. NATIVE GEORGIANS WERE NEEDED AS
TRADE PARTNERS AND ALLIES AGAINST THE SPANISH IF
NECESSARY. SOUTH CAROLINA TRADERS JEOPARDIZED
THAT FRIENDSHIP BECAUSE MANY OF THEM WERE
CHEATING THE INDIANS. THEY ALSO SUPPLIED
INDIANS WITH ILLEGAL RUM.
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STOPPING THE CHEATING

• TRADERS WERE MADE TO GET A LICENSE
• TRADERS WOULD HAVE TO PAY A FEE FOR THAT LICENSE
• TRADERS WOULD HAVE TO FOLLOW ESTABLISHED RULES
• AN OFFICIAL EXCHANGE RATE WAS ESTABLISHED
• FT. AUGUSTA ON THE SAVANNAH RIVER WAS BUILT NEAR
• WHERE MOST OF THE TRADING TOOK PLACE TO ENSURE
• FAIR PLAY.

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WAR WITH SPAIN
SPAIN AND ENGLAND WERE AT EACH OTHERS THROAT
AGAIN OGLETHORPE ASKED PARLIAMENT FOR FUNDING
AND PROTECTION. OGLETHORPE WAS GIVEN THE RANK
OF COLONEL AND WAS AUTHORIZED TO RAISE AN ARMY OF
600 SOLDIERS TO PRO- TECT GA.
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1739 ENGLAND (GREAT BRITAIN) DECLARES WAR ON
SPAIN OGLETHORPE DOESNT WAIT AROUND TO BE
ATTACKED. HE TAKES THE FIGHT TO
THEM. OGLETHORPE ATTACKED THE SPANISH AT FT.
DIEGO IN FLORIDA, FT. MOSE, AND ST. AUGUSTINE.
HE WON EARLY, BUT HE WAS LATER FORCED TO RETREAT.
OGLETHORPES TROOPS RETREATED TO ST. SIMONS
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BATTLE OF BLOODY MARSH
ON THIS ST. SIMONS MARSH, OGLETHORPE TURNED BACK
THE ONLY SPANISH INVASION OF GEORGIA IN THE WAR
. FOR HIS SUCCESS, OGLETHORPE WAS PROMOTED TO
GENERAL.
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OGLETHORPE LEAVES GEORGIA
OGLETHORPE LEFT GA. FOR GOOD IN 1743 NEVER TO
RETURN. HE WATCHED IN SADNESS AS THE TRUSTEES
SLOWLY ABANDONED THE PRINCIPLES THAT HAD MADE
GEORGIA UNIQUE.