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PERSPECTIVES ELEVATIONS
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To draw a room to perspective, means to make a
3D drawing that looks realistic the way it would
appear if you were actually standing and looking
at the room. It is called a rendering. To
begin, you need a floor plan of the room, drawn
to scale. Measure the room, look at the way the
furnishings are laid out, and decide where you
will stand to view this room the best. In this
room, it would be best to stand on the wall with
the door. Doing that, this room is wider than it
is deep14 wide and 11 deep. Follow directions
for a room that is wider than it is deep.
Select your floor plan...
Well stand on this wall
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Step 1 Starting to draw...
Using plain paper, not graph paper.
Select paper to draw on. If the ceilings of your
room are 8 tall, you will need a piece of paper
at least 8 in one direction. The other dimension
of your paper must accommodate the width of the
room. We are drawing a room that is 14 wide.
Therefore, the paper we need must be 8 x 14.
The depth of the room will not be a factor in
choosing our paper, in a room that is wider than
deep.
Step 1 Place your paper in a horizontal
position. Using your ruler and pencil, draw a
line near the bottom of your paper that is 14
long to represent one of the 14 wide floor
lines of your room. Be precise with your
measurements! You may want to stand over the top
of the ruler and look directly down on it. Mark
the line in inches, starting with zero as shown.
Scale 1 on floor plan 1 on perspective
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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Step 2 The wall line...
Step 2 Now that you have the 14 floor line in
place, it is time to add the left wall line.
Using a 90 degree square angle, draw a vertical
line up from the floor line. Begin at zero, and
number each foot. Our room has 8 high ceilings,
so our wall is 8 tall, and therefore our wall
line is 8 long.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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Step 3 Finishing the rectangle...
Step 3 Finish drawing the rectangle by using
your square to put in the right wall and ceiling.
Use extra care in making sure all of your
measurements are accurate. Even a hairline error
now can result in a measurable error later on as
we continue the perspective.
If you have time, you might want to mark the
right wall line in inches it would look like the
left wall line, marked off from 0 8.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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Step 4 Adding the horizon line...
Step 4 In art class, the next line were going
to add is called the horizon line. In drawing a
room perspective, this line represents eye
level. You have to make a decision now do you
want to view this room as if your eyes were at a
5 level? The lower you place the horizon line
below 5, the more you will be looking UP at the
rooms furnishings. The higher you place the
horizon room above 5, the more you will be
looking DOWN on the rooms furnishings.
For this practice perspective, place the horizon
line at 5. The room you draw will appear the
way you see it if your eyes are 5 above the
floor. Use a square and measure carefully to draw
this line. If you marked the 8 on the right
wall, you will simply connect the two 5
markings.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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Step 5 Adding the vanishing point...
Step 5 To complete this step, you have to make
another decision.
Do you want to view the room as if you were
standing clear over by the left wall? ( you wont
see the mirror over the dresser very well, but
you will see the window treatment)...or clear
over by the right wall? (you wont see the window
treatment very well, but will see the dresser
mirror) ...or standing right in the middle of the
room? (you will see both side walls equally
well). For this example, lets position ourselves
exactly in the middle. X
X
If there are furnishings on the wall you are
standing, they will not be shown on your
perspective drawing.
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Step 5 Adding the vanishing point...
Now that youve determined where you are going to
stand in the room, locate that X on the floor
line of your perspective drawing. (we were
standing 7 foot from the left wall)
Now, using your square once again, locate the
spot on the horizon line that is directly above
that X on the floor line. This new spot is your
vanishing point. Mark it with a simple line.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
X
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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Step 6 Connecting the corners...
Step 6 Connect all four corners to the
vanishing point. Use a dotted line for this
step, as part of each line will be temporary.
The top dotted lines will represent the ceiling
lines of your room when it is drawn to
perspective the bottom dotted lines will
represent the floor lines.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
X
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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Step 7 Adding the room depth...
Step 7 Connect a diagonal line from eye level
on the left wall TO the number on the floor
line that represents the depth of the room. Our
practice room is 11 deep, so we draw from 5 up
on the left wall diagonally down to the 11 mark
on the floor line. Use a solid line.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
X
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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Step 8 Finishing the back wall...
Step 8 Where the solid diagonal line crosses
the left floor line, draw in the four corners of
the back wall. Start where the flashing circle
indicates. Accuracy is really important here! If
your measurements have been slightly off before
it will show up now. Make small adjustments as
necessary during this step, trying to get a
perfect rectangle.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
X
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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Step 9 Starting the floor grid...
Step 9 If youre getting confused, now is the
time to clean up your drawing. Erase the parts of
the dotted lines that fall within the back wall
rectangle. You can erase the eye level line that
crosses the back wall alsobut only on the back
wall, not entirely. If you put an X on the
bottom floor line, remove it now. BE CAREFUL NOT
TO DISTURB THE VANISHING POINT. You will continue
to need this marking.
To start the floor grid, connect each number on
the floor with the vanishing point. Draw up TO
the back wall rectangle, but not all the way to
the vanishing point itself.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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Step 10 Finishing the floor grid...
Step 10 Where the diagonal line (the one shown
in green here) crosses each of the floor grid
lines, use your square to draw a perfectly
horizontal line. Those horizontal lines need to
be perpendicular to the left or right wall lines.
Use your eyes! Make sure those lines look
straight, are spaced and are drawn evenly.
The little squares that are formed on the floor
grid should duplicate the squares on your floor
plan. The floor grid on this perspective drawing
should have 14 squares across and 11 squares
going back duplicating the 11 x 14 foot room
plan.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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Step 11 Adding the furnishings...
Step 11A Lets start with the bed. Look at the
floor plan. Use dots to plot the 4 corners of
the bed on the floor grid. Those dots are shown
here, enlarged and in red.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14
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Step 11B The next step is to put in lines on
one or both of the side walls that represent the
height of the bed. A bed is approximately 24
inches high, so well put in a height line on the
left wall. Draw the height line, starting at the
2 mark and drawn to the vanishing point. You can
stop drawing at the back wall. It is shown here
in a dotted green line.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14
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Step 11C Follow each dot for a bed corner along
the floor grid line TO the left wall, then follow
it UP to the 2 line, and then back across the
room perpendicular to the left wall line. It is
shown here by a red, dotted line. The only line
done so far is from the red dots on the grid line
that are closestnot the ones on the back wall
line.

• Dots to the wall
• Follow the floor grid to the wall, and up to the
  height line
• Square off through the height line

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10
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Think of the bed as a rectangular form can you
visualize the end of the bed now, using the floor
grid, vertical uprights, and red dotted top line?
Step 11D You can now draw the two nearest
corners of the bed form. Use your square, and
draw the lines perfectly vertical, from each dot
UP to the height line.

• Dots to the wall
• Follow the floor grid to the wall, and up to the
  height line
• Square off through the height line
• Draw the corners vertically up to the new line

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14
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On our rectangular bed form, were adding the
back wall of the form.
Step 11 E Now well put in the back side of the
bed form. Follow the same steps dots to the
wall, wall to the height line, square off through
the height line, and then draw the corners up.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14
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Step 11 F Now that you have all four corners of
the bed form drawn to the right height, the final
step in drawing the bed is to connect the
corners. Think carefully about which lines will
show, and which ones will not.
Connect the corners draw all visible lines and
erase all unnecessary lines and dots
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0 1 2 3 4
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Step 11G Add the dresser with mirror. The
dresser itself is 30 inches tall. The mirror is
3 wide x 4 tall center it on the 5 wide
dresser by marking it on the floor grids and
drawing straight up to a 6 1/2 height line.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14
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Step 11H Add the nightstand. It is 24 inches
tall, like the bed. Because of the angle you are
viewing it at, it may appear to be attached to
the bed, even though it has a 6 clearance.
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0 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14
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Step 11 I Add the window. On the floor plan you
can see that it is 5 wide, but now you have to
decide how tall the window actually is. We will
draw it 5 tall starting 2 off the floor and
ending at the 7 height line. For this, you may
have to mark the feet on the right hand wall if
you have not already done so. To mark the
vertical sides of the window, you will work from
the floor grids.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14
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Step 11J At this point, you may want to add
some additional details to improve the appearance
of your room. Use your eyes perhaps adding a
frame around the mirror and window, or a
headboard on the bed, drawers on the dresser,
blinds or window treatment, or a plant.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14
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Step 11K Now its time to make the final
tracing. Trace just the lines you want to keep.
Trace the entire floor grid for a tiled floor, or
just the lines in one direction for a wood floor
as shown here, or none of the grid for carpeting.
Add a title, and your name.
11 x 14 GUEST BEDROOM

by Your Name
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Step 12 Add color by shading your picture.
Shading is not the same as coloring. When
shading, you must first establish a light source,
and then put color only where there would be
shadows. If the light source is from the upper
right hand corner, then the left side of
furniture pieces would be shaded. Shading must
be done directionally following major lines.
When shading, there will be some areas of the
room that remain white and uncolored. Shading is
simply a suggestion of color. This completed
picture is called a rendering.
11 x 14 GUEST BEDROOM

by Your Name
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Elevations...
Use the same steps you used for drawing a room
perspective to draw a single item or wall
arrangement. This is called an elevation, and
allows you to show detail better.
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Elevations...
Elevation drawings can be used to show the
exterior and landscaping of your home.
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PERSPECTIVES ELEVATIONS
The End
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11 x 14 GUEST BEDROOM

by Your Name
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Drawing your own room, in perspective...
Name ______________________ Due Date
___________________
You have already been assigned a ranch-style
house floor plan. As soon as that is finished,
you are ready to begin this assignment.

• Select one room (or area of one room) from your
  ranch-style house floor plan, and use that room
  for a perspective drawing. Choose carefully,
  thinking about the dimensions of the room (weve
  only practiced rooms that are wider than they are
  deep), and where you will stand in the room.
• A bedroom with just a bed, nightstand(s), and
  dresser is the easiest room to draw. That choice
  is certainly acceptable, but if youre looking
  for a challenge, try the living room. The
  greatest challenge is the kitchen. The degree of
  difficulty will be taken into consideration at
  grading time.
• Draw this room to perspective.
• Shade the room, to finish the rendering.

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• Preparing individuals for life and work
• Strengthening families
• Empowering communities
• Created by Barbara L. Swarthout, Family
  Consumer Sciences teacher at Elkhorn High School