SANREM CRSP LTR4 Adapting to Change in the Andes

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SANREM CRSP LTR4Adapting to Change in the Andes

• Practices and Strategies to Address Market and
  Climate Risks in Vulnerable Ecosystems

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Adapting to Change Objectives

• Dynamics of change climate markets ecosystems
  and livelihoods
• Local knowledge, perceptions of risks and
  changing knowledge
• Practices and information linking local and new
  knowledge for adaptation
• Strategies for market integration and
  institutions that contribute to biodiversity
• Build capacities and capabilities pathways to
  enable agency
• Multiple Disciplines Communities - Stakeholders

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SANREM CRSP LTRA 4
ECOSYSTEM DRIVERS
CAPACITIES AND ABILITY TO ACT
STRATEGIES FOR MARKET ACCESS
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE PERCEPTIONS RISKS
LOCAL/ NEW KNOWLEDGE PRACTICE
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Structure/ Estructuras
Agency/ Capacidad de Actuar - Negociación
drivers
Climate
Market
Human Capital
Social Capital
Shocks stresses
Adaptations
Negotiations
Natural Capital
Cultural Capital
Governance/Gobernabilidad
Knowledge Networks and Coalitions
Landscape/Ecosystem-Paisaje/Ecosistema
Community/watershed-Comunidad
Livelihood System
Constructed Capital
Political Capital
Production System
Financial Capital
Hypotheses on the current state and its
drivers Pests Local Climate Soils Local
Markets Biodiversity Livelihoods
Transformative Hypotheses Bridging knowledge
systems for change Building coalitions to
implement change Risk and dread and ability to act
Secondary research is used to fill in the gaps in
primary research as needed for each site.
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Objective 1 Drivers and Dynamics

• Livelihood capitals activities and strategies
  across communities (Bolivia Peru)
• Livelihood strategies and market linkages
• Dynamics of pests (year 2)
• Soil in different fallow periods (year 2)
• Biodiversity of plants (year 2) - landscape
• Landscapes (year 1) to understand drivers

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Altiplano Ecosystem Sites
Bolivia Northern Altiplano Central Altiplano
Peru Southern Altiplano
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SANREM RESEARCH COMMUNITIES IN THE ALTIPLANO
ECOSYSTEM
Meters above sea level
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Altiplano Ecosystems Community Capitals,
Activities and Livelihoods Across Research Sites
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Objective 2 Perceptions and Risks

• Livelihoods, capitals, shocks and perceptions of
  risks
• Local perceptions of dynamics of soils, pests,
  plant diversity and landscape changes
• Assessments of climate indicators
• Methods in eliciting local knowledge to build new
  knowledge

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Changes in Landscapes

• Today

• Before

• Changes in climate

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Integrating Knowledge Systems Maps Land
Cover, Use, and Vulnerabilities
BEFORE
Erosion, Drought, Frost
AFTER
VULNERABILITY
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Objective 3 Practices and Information

• Climate projections and observed trends for
  information
• Soil amendments in the context of change
• Information on dynamics of pests and diseases
• Potato oca and quinoa varieties
• Landscapes for community planning
• Methods to sharing and bring knowledge systems

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SOCIALIZACION
Bridging Knowledge
SUELO
BIODIVERSIDAD
PLAGAS
CLIMA
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Participatory Research - Soil Amendments
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Landscape Research
On going in Ancoraimes Umala, Ilave Sta Maria and
Ilave Apopata to follow
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Objective 3 Practices and Information

• Climate Highlights (Yr 3)
• Projected Changes in Annual Cycle
• Temperature 1.5 - 2 C increase in mean by 2030
  4-5 C increases by end of century
• Precipitation possible small decrease in SON,
  sig. increase in DJFMA .
• Both changes are larger and significant by end of
  century.
• Seth, Garcia, Thibeault, 2008, GRL, ready for
  submission

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Practices and Information

• Climate - Projected Changes in Extremes
• Temperature extremes are consistent with warmer
  temperatures (increases in Warm Nights, Heat
  Waves, Extreme Temperature Range, and decrease
  in Frost Days)
• Precipitation extremes suggest redistribution
  with more precipitation in fewer rainy days
  (increases in Dry Days, Max 5 day, Simple
  Intensity, and Heavy precipitation) - in
  accordance with station data from Patacamaya.
• will be more meaningful with new calculation
  using percentile rather than threshold
• not reliable due to warm bias and low elevation
  in the models
• Thibeault, Seth, Garcia, 2008, GRL, in
  preparation
• Farmer perceptions of declining rainfall are
  inconsistent with observations, but can be
  explained by observed trends in precipitation
  intensity from Patacamaya, observed increases in
  evapotranspiration and are consistent with model
  projections analyzed for the Altiplano.
• Gilles, Yucra, Garcia, 2008, MRD, in preparation

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Objective 4

• Advocacy Coalitions - Potatoes
• Diversity of potatoes current strategies and
  management of native and local varieties for
  marketsadaptation
• Assessment of market integration approaches
  Plataforma Productos Andinos
• Assessment of shocks to production and assets -
  insurance mechanisms

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ESTRATEGIAS DE PRODUCCION DE VARIEDADES DE PAPA
EN COMUNIDADES DEL MUNICIPIO DE UMALA
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Objective 5

• Human Agency Advocacy Coalitions
• Training on methodology
• Development of programs
• Findings from Perus first year experience
• AC has to be owned by the community in order to
  function
• If the community does not have a relatively
  strong structure
• Lessons learned assessment of current structures
  in communities in order to determine if the AC is
  implemented at level of all the community or
  particular groups in the community

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LTRA4 Knowledge to Action Research Design Andean
Ecosystem - Altiplano
RG
CG
Household Baseline 10 rural communities
Household Panel 10 rural communities
CL
Knowledge as Information Trusted
source Language In the Context of DM Ability to
Act Strengthening social and political capitals
Soc
Advocacy Coalitions
Livelihoods Knowledge Practice
Linking Knowledge Systems
Knowledge Nodes Networks Ability to Act
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Assessing Participatory Approaches
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Research on Participation
Research on Diffusion of Information and Ability
to Act Household Surveys linked with data on
participatory research groups Track networks
and use of information
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Continual Evaluation of Processes to
Identify Barriers to Participation
VINTO COOPANI
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Identifying the factors affecting participation
of men and women, How information flows and how
information is used in decision making.
Mujeres que participan
Mujeres que no participan

• Edad promedio 47 años
• Promedio de escolaridad 3,7
• Número de miembros por hogar 4,9
• Mano de obra familiar 3,9
• Ingreso total familiar de 16422,4913

• Edad promedio 42 años
• Promedio de escolaridad 4,3
• Número de miembros por hogar 6,2
• Mano de obra familiar 4,9
• Ingreso total familiar de 18137,85

? Las mujeres que participan son más jóvenes,
tienen un mayor nivel de escolaridad (mayor
capital humano) y vienen de hogares mas
grandes, es decir con mayor disponibilidad de
fuerza laboral ? Estas diferencias pueden llegar
a determinar la participación o no de las mujeres
en actividades fuera del hogar. ? Será que las
mujeres mas jóvenes y con mayor número de hijos
participan para mejor su capital humano? Olga
Yana, thesis
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Objective 5

• Capacity exchange and self assessment among sites
  (AC, PR approaches)
• Cross regions methodologies AC, information flow
  and ability to act
• Next steps participation of community group
  representatives in the experiences of other sites
  soils, markets, dynamics of pests, crop and
  livestock diversity, climate

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Knowledge

• 450 households interviewed
• Assessments with groups
• Farmers in research groups
• 350 farmers and researchers involved

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Objective 5 Capacities and Capabilities -
Sustainability

• Annual Meetings LTRA 4 Puno Peru April 24-28 2008
• Forty participants from Peru Bolivia and the US
• Integration activities
• Scientific presentations
• Stakeholder participation from Peru and Bolivia
• Bolivian National Program of Climate Change April
  21 and 23 2008 Drafting agreements for
  collaboration.
• SENAMHI Bolivia, meetings on collaboration and
  work on extreme events.
• Workshop on Climate and Agriculture in the Andes
  SANREM LTRA 4 and McKnight. Lima, April 29-30
  2008
• Coping and Adapting to Climate ChangeAndean
  Communities Experiences - ADB Manila, May 22
  2008

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Capacities Sustainability Degree and Non Degree
Training Year 3

• Non degree
• Training of researchers 11 events
• Training of farmers 30 events
• Stakeholder seminars 4 events
• Degree training 41 students
• 15 Licenciatura
• 21 MS
• 5 PhD
• MS Program UNALM
• CIDES Doctoral Course

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Thank You

• Questions