NATO

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NATO

• North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

and
The Warsaw Pact
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NATO
Came into being April 1949
First leader General Eisenhower

• USA
• Canada
• Iceland
• GBNetherlands
• Belgium
• Luxembourg

• Portugal
• France
• Italy
• Norway

The original members
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NATO The Problems

• By 1980 W Europe was beginning to have its doubts
  about the NATO alliance

France had withdrawn from NATO in 1966
Could the Americans be relied upon to use their
nuclear weapons to defend W. Europe?
Or would fear of Russian retaliation keep them
from acting?
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In response to the entry of West Germany into
NATO, the USSR set up the WARSAW PACT
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The Warsaw Pact
The Warsaw Pact countries

• USSR
• Poland
• Romania
• Bulgaria
• E Germany
• Czechoslovakia
• Hungary
• Albania

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Revision Questions
Easy questions
How did Russia react to the setting up of NATO?
What was NATOs aims?
Name three of the original members
Which country became a member in 1955?
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Did NATO Actually achieve anything?
This is a tough question. You need to define what
is meant by achievement
And then explain what is meant by a deterrent
before going on to look at what NATO actually did
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Achievement
1. The act of achieving or performing an
obtaining by exertion successful performance
accomplishment as, the achievement of his
object.2. A great or heroic deed something
accomplished by valour, boldness, or praiseworthy
exertion a feat.
If you define achievement like this then NATO did
little because it was not actually involved in
any major conflict before 1990.
Go on to define deterrent
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Deterrent
Something that interferes with or delays action
or hinders progress / growth
NATO did stop the growth of Communism in Europe
a policy of creating strategic alliances in order
to check the expansion of a hostile power or
ideology or to force it to negotiate peacefully.
Containment of Communist expansion was a central
principle of United States' foreign policy from
1947 to the 1975
It did Contain Communism
Remember CONTAINMENT was American Foreign Policy
not an all out war against communism
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1954 attempt to unite Federal Democratic
Republic of Germany with the Eastern Zone failed
1974 Greek withdrawal from Integrated Military
Services
No!
1956 - Split by Fr and GB attempt to seize Suez
Canal
1966 - Fr withdrawal from IMS in protest at US
dominance of command structure
1961 - No reaction from NATO to the creation of
the Berlin Wall
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1968 denounced the invasion of Czechoslovakia
1990 signed Conventional Armed Forces in Europe
Treaty with the Warsaw Pact
However did not send troops in to help Czech
people
Yes!
1976 rejected proposals by Warsaw Pact to
renounce 1st use of Nuclear Weapons
1981 declared that Poland must be free to
decide on future and that the USSR must not
interfere
1980 return of Greek forces to the IMS
However did nothing when Martial Law declared
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Conclusion
Before 1990, NATO did very little. It did act as
a deterrent, though which meant that Europe
enjoyed 45 years of peace
Remember during the Cold War the fact there was a
deterrent was enough. Action didnt need to be
taken, the possibility of action was there and
the fact it was known to be there stopped war