Common Functional Groups

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Unit 2
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Common Functional Groups
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O
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O
C1-C-C2
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NH2
CO
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Ester Formation
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Try This

• Propanoic acid and methyl alcohol

Methyl propanoate
Methyl alcohol

Propanoic acid
H2O
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Square parent acids, circle parent alcohols and
Name these esters
Ethyl Propanoate
Propyl ethanoate
Methyl ethanoate
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Chemical Reaction of Esters

• Try this ester with methanol and propanoic acid

Propanoic acid
Ethyl alcohol
Ethyl propanoate
Ethyl methanoate
Methyl butanoate
Isopentyl ethanoate
Isohexyl acetate
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• Phosphoester
• DNA!

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Alkanes

• Methane natural gas
• Propane LP tanks

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Alcohol Group

• Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) beverage
• Methyl alcohol (methanol) wood alcohol
• ? blindness. Tell story
• Ethylene glycol ( HOCH2CH2OH)
• Glycerol (CH2OHCHOHCH2OH)
• Many natural processes and a component of FATS
• Sugars
• sugars are alcohols due to their many -OH
  groups (polyhydroxy).

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Ketones and Aldehydes

• Formaldehyde
• a preservative carcinogenic
• Carbohydrates (polyhydroxy aldehydes or
  polyhydroxyketones)
• Acetoacetate ion (CH3COCH2CO-2)
• a product of the metabolism of long chain
  carboxylic acids, a ketone body in the
  bloodstream
• in diabetes ? ketoacidosis and diabetic coma and
  death
• Steroid hormones
• Testosterone and Progesterone are ketones.

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• Testosterone and Progesterone

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Amines

• Amino acids (all 20 used by living organisms have
  an NH2 and a COOH!)
• Epinephrine (adrenalin) fight or flight
• Dopamine

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Carboxylic Acids

• Acetic acid (vinegar)
• Propionic acid
• cheese production, inhibit mold growth, Swiss
  cheese can be up to 1 propionic acid
• Sodium benzoate
• a preservative, look for it on your processed
  food labels

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Esters

• Methyl salicylate (wintergreen)
• Acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin)

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• Wintergreen Oil
• Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) containing
  methyl salicylate and gaultherilene, is widely
  used externally as an aid in relieving aches and
  pains of arthritis and rheumatism.
• It is readily absorbed by the skin, and is very
  warm and soothing for joint and muscular pains,
  lumbago and sciatica.

http//www.olbas.com/wintergreen.htm
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Aromatics

• Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) CH2CHCl
• Polystyrene C6H5-CHCH2
• foam, plastics,
• natural rubber (CH2CCH3CHCH2)
• tires, hoses, boots, coats
• Saran (CH2CCl2)
• plastic wrap

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Fractional Distillation
http//www.energyinst.org.uk/education/coryton/ima
ges/column.gif
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• One gallon of gas is derived from 98 tons of
  dinosaur plant material
• 40 acres of wheat 16 elephants 1,600,000
  carrots 6,500 seven foot Christmas trees