CEMISTRY of CELLS

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CEMISTRY of CELLS

• Cells and Water
• From foukeffa.org
• Written by David Wilson
• Uintah High School
• GA Ag Ed Curriculum Office
• To accompany the Georgia Agriculture Education
  Curriculum Lesson 02471-18
• July 2002

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UNIT OBJECTIVES

• 1. Identify the major elements and acromolecules
  found in living things.
• 2. Compare the properties and structure of atoms
  found in living things.
• 3. Illustrate and explain how small molecules
  combine to form large molecules.
• 4. Explain the role proteins play in cell
  structure and function.

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Objectives Continued

• 5. Hypothesize the relationship between the
  properties of water to lifes processes.
• 6. Design and conduct an experiment that
  demonstrates the importance of water.
• 7. Explain how water affects agriculture.
• 8. Compare and contrast how plants and animals
  acquire and conserve water in a cell.

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Important Terms

• Matter anything that has mass and volume.
• Atom smallest particle that can exist and still
  be recognized as a certain kind of matter.
• Element matter that is made of only one kind of
  atom.
• Compound matter that is made of more than one
  kind of element, i.e. water

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Elements Essential for Life

• Plants
• MAJOR ELEMENTS
• Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen
  (O), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca),
  Magnesium (Mg), Sulfur (S)

• Plant
• MINOR ELEMENTS
• Boron (B), Copper (Cu), Chlorine, Iron (Fe),
  Manganese (Mn), Molybdenum (Mo), Zinc (Zn)

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Elements essential for Animals

• Calcium (Ca)
• Sodium (Na)
• Phosphorus (P)
• Chlorine (Cl)
• Potassium (K)
• Sulfur (S)
• Iron (Fe)
• Iodine (I)

• Cobalt (Co)
• Copper (Cu)
• Fluorine (F)
• Manganese (Mn)
• Molybdenum (Mo)
• Selenium (Se)
• Zinc (Zn)

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MACROMOLECULES

• Carbohydrates organic compounds that living
  things use to get their energy. Composed of C,
  H, and O. Their bonds store energy.
• Lipids organic compounds used by organisms to
  get energy when carbohydrates are not available,
  i.e. fats, oils, and waxes. Not soluble in
  water.

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Macromolecules continued

• Protein organic compounds used for building
  body parts. Composed of long chains of amino
  acids. 20 kinds of amino acids used in all
  living things. They also act as enzymes.
• Nucleic acids proteins and CH2O can be used to
  form nucleic acids. Control the activities of
  the cell. Two types DNA and RNA. Nucleotides
  are subunits of DNA RNA.

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Proteins and Cell Structure

• Cell structure
• 1. Cell membrane contains protein molecules.
• 2. Protein molecules help substances move into
  and out of the cell.
• Function
• 1. Produced on ribosome's.
• 2. Used to build body parts and cell membranes
• 3. Used in formation of nucleic acids.

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Importance of Water

• Living things are made of many different atoms
  that are organized into thousands of different
  compounds. Most of the compounds that make up
  living things contain carbon. However, organisms
  also contain water, a compound that does not
  contain carbon.
• Approximately 70 of body mass is water.
• Water acts as a transport system for nutrients
  and wastes.
• Compounds that dissolve in water form solutions.

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Properties of Water

• Cohesion the polarity of water molecules causes
  them to cling to one another like magnets. Water
  flowing from a faucet.
• Adhesion water molecules that are attracted to
  another surface. i.e. water droplets stick to
  your skin after a shower.

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