Dislocamento mezzi aerei in Italia

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Comune di Bologna Prevention activities against
Forest fires Edited by Elio Michelini Civil
Protection Office - Municipality of Bologna May
2005
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FOREST-FIRES
In the summer and during dry seasons, the risk of
fires represents a severe threat for woods and
forests. During the higher risk period, the
Municipality, in agreement with the Province of
Bologna, the Emilia- Romagna Region and volunteer
group, organises monitoring, fire alarm and
intervention services.
Throughout the year information initiatives on
forest fire prevention, addressed particularly to
schools, are organised.
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FIRE FIGHTING BY AIR
Fire fightingaircraft and helicopters are
co-ordinated at the national level by the Civil
Protection Department. Each part of the Country
can be reached within 60 to 90 minutes from
take-off, as the means have been distributed
tactically on the national territory by regions.
Aerial means are one of the main instruments of
Civil Protection organization for fire fighting.
Other fundamental components are represented by
citizens, institutions and volunteer
organizations. But the effectiveness of services
is limited. In adverse climate conditions or in
case of too many fires
not promptly signaled, men and means could be
inadequate. Therefore Civil Protection
intervention becomes really effective when it is
the result of the co-operation between citizens
and Institutional Bodies as well as when it can
rely on a sizeable number of appropriately
trained and well -equipped organised volunteers.
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CAUSES OF FOREST FIRES There are four categories
of causes setting off forest fires 1) natural,
2) involuntary, 3) voluntary, 4) not
classifable because of doubtful origins
Natural2
In the province of Bologna, data indicates a
prevalence of negligent causes over intentional,
whereas natural causes are almost negligible.
Not classifiable28
Voluntary33
Involuntary37
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1) Activation of a forest fire prevention master
plan

• In 1999 the Municipality of Bologna, the Province
  and the Emilia-Romagna Region have put into
  action the first forest fire prevention master
  plan
• Observation points have been detected. Based on
  the Emergency Plan of Bologna Province, together
  with the Municipality, observation points are 18,
  7 of which are in the city of Bologna
• Training standards for volunteers have been
  defined (e.g. sight and alarm attendant
  fire-extinguisher attendant under the command of
  the fire brigades and of the forest rangers)

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2) Activation of a forest fire prevention master
plan

• Sighting and fire-extinguishing equipment and
  means have been purchased by the Institutional
  Bodies. The equipment has been annually increased
  and assigned to the Volunteers Associations
• Operational radio points have been increased.
  Presently we have 4 radio points(one for the
  Region, one for the fire brigade, one for the
  forest rangers and one for the volunteers) all
  connected The Emilia-Romagna Region is
  activating these days the TETRA communication
  system
• During the fire high risk period, the Region
  issues a specific measure including the
  strengthening of the regional radio room, with
  the participation of Firemen and Forest Rangers
• The radio points are guarded 24 hours by
  volunteers and civil protection attendants

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3) Activation of a forest fire prevention master
plan

• Volunteers have been equipped with - computer
  with cartographic programs among others,
  binoculars with compass, GPS (Global Positioning
  System) and, most of all, fire equipments
• In the last two years, the city of Bologna
  volunteers have been assigned 2 Land Rovers with
  fire equipment (given by the Region) 1 pick-up
  truck with fire equipment as well as 1 4x4
  mobile unit (given by the Municipality) equipped
  with a cartographic and a computer with Internet
  connection, telephones and fax
• Other equipment includes fire retardant
  clothing, chainsaw, blowing devices, fire hose,
  fire extinguisher and so on.

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REGIONAL PLAN FOR FOREST FIRE FIGHTING Summer
2004 June - September
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EMILIA-ROMAGNA REGIONAL PLAN OF FOREST PROTECTION
AGAINST FIRES
1999-2003
NEGLIGIBLE RISK WEAK RISK MODERATE RISK MARKED
RISK
Map of forest fires riskcorrespondent to mapping
att.
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Year 2004 Bologna and Province

• 4 operative radio points
• 18 sighting points operated by volunteers - all
  of them with car
• 3 mobile patrols
• 8 fire fighting vehicles
• 3 24h extinguishing squads
• 2 12h extinguishing squads
• 120 qualified volunteers

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Available equipment for fire fighting
GPS
Binoculars with compass
Digital cameras
Compasses
Aerial mapping and photos
Vhf Radios
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How people operate on the territory with which
instruments
Equipped with binoculars, radio and essential
creature comforts, people control the territory...
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How people operate on the territory with which
instruments

• When a sighting of a fire hotbed occurs, people
  alert the operative center communicating
  characteristics and the position in degrees of
  the event.
• The operative center will contact the other
  positions.
• If it can be seen from other positions, they
  provide the coordinates in degrees of the
  sighting from their position.
• The operative center elaborates the received
  data, by means of triangulation, finds the exact
  coordinates of sighting and supplies information
  to reach the place or to monitor it.

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The radio point that co-ordinates the fire
fighting service

• The Volunteers radio point is equipped with
  radios which operate on all frequencies used
  during emergencies, as well as on the typical
  frequencies of Civil Protection

• A cartographic computer and another one connected
  to the Internet, telephone lines and fax
  complete the equipment

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• Internet connection permits weather report, road
  condition and other information to be accessed,
  that is useful for the displacement of the
  emergency means

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• The connection with Municipal or Provincial
  Territorial Information Systems (road land
  register) is also useful
• Software used to locate the events ArcMap 9.0,
  OziExplorer, OziExplorer 3D

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How people operate with these software - 1

• The observation in degrees of at least two
  sightings of the same event, are put in the map

• People proceed with triangulation and display on
  more detailed maps to know the environmental
  situation around the event, too.

• In this simulation we locate the event near to
  rural houses with cultivated lands and roads in
  the neighborhood.

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How people operate with these software - 2

• With another software we report the coordinates
  and display the tridimensional map of the area
• We can also vary the view.

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Different rotations of the same 3D image

• The sight from different points, allows us a
  better determination of the characteristics and
  the difficulties of the place

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3D sight of the place using an orthophoto
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VOLUNTEERS EDUCATION AND TRAINING

• The main goal of education is to improve the
  organization and the operative qualification of
  the Volunteers
• Regional Civil Protection prearranged a specific
  educational programme
• Courses for reconnaissance
• Courses for overseeing
• Courses for sighting
• Advanced courses for foremen
• Technical operative training
• Periodical refresher courses

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VOLUNTEERS EDUCATION AND TRAINING

• Volunteers can access the
• OBLIGATORY educational courses if
• they are members of Volunteer Associations

• they are found fit at a specific health
  examination
• After attending the courses, after an exam with
  a part on theory and two practical, they obtain
• a certificate of technical fitness
• and an identification and qualification card

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VOLUNTEERS EDUCATION AND TRAINING
Refresher courses for the volunteers are given
periodically
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TRAINING
These images refer to the course given at the
former nuclear power station of Brasimone
Use of atomizer
Use of chainsaw
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SURROUNDED BY FIRE D Look for a safe way to
escape a road or a river.  D Cross the fire
front where it is less intense, to pass into the
already burnt part.  D Lay down upon the ground
where there is not inflammable vegetation.
Sprinkle yourself with water or cover yourself
with earth. Prepare yourself for the arrival of
smoke, breathing with a wet cloth on your
mouth. IF YOU ARE CAUGHT IN A HOUSE IN THE MIDDLE
OF A BURNING WOOD  D Do not leave the house if
you are not sure that the way of escape is
open.  D Set, if it exists, the automatic
equipment irrigation going, wet the exterior of
the house with a pipe, especially the wood
parts. D Seal (with adhesive paper and wet
cloths) doors and windows. The fire will go
beyond the house before smoke and flames enter
the interior.
IN CASE OF BURNS D If clothes are burning, wrap
up the person in a cover and make him/her roll on
the ground. D Let the burnt person have a rest in
a shady and fresh place. If he/she feels cold,
cover him/her.  D There are some things that you
must never do, for example give drinks or
medicines, apply ice on the burns (it favours the
deepening of the burn!). Never give alcoholic
drinks, but only water.
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HOW TO BEHAVE A rapid initiative may avoid
greater problems  IF YOU SIGHT A FIRE
SMALL FIRES D Did you discover a little hotbed of
fire? Try to put it out, but only if you have a
safe way of escape a road or a river.   D
Putting yourself with your shoulders toward the
wind, beat the zone where the fire is with a
frond or a green branch until the fire is
extinguished.
Call immediately
THE FOREST RANGERS
Or the FIRE BRIGADE
FREE CALLS
Do not think that others have already done it!
D Give the necessary information to locate the
fire, indicating the nearest town or the road
where you are.
NEVER TO DO
D Do not abandon rubbish in woods or in illegal
dumps. D Do not burn, without the necessary
safety measures stubbles, straw and other
agricultural waste. D Inside a wood, do not light
a fire it is forbidden.
D Travelling by car or by train or walking, never
throw lighted cigarette ends. D Never park your
car next to a wood, leaving the exhaust pipe in
contact with dry grass it can easily catch fire
with heat.