POSITIONING ACCURACY STANDARDS

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Outline

• What is Blue Booking ?
• Why submit survey data to NGS?
• Whats involved in submitting survey data to NGS?

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What is Blue Booking?

• Eds Definition
• The process of creating digital files and hard
  copy of survey data for a project that is to be
  submitted to the National Geodetic Survey (NGS)
  for inclusion in the National Spatial Reference
  System (NSRS).

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Why Blue Book

• Quality Assurance
• Analysis and Adjustment
• Distribution
• Central Data Base
• Archive
• Future Regional Readjustments
• New National Geodetic Datum

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Why Blue Book continued...
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Why Blue Book continued...
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NGS Policy

• FORMAT - Data must be submitted in digital form
  using NGS specified formats.
• ACCURACY
• GPS projects must meet first-order accuracy
  standards.
• Leveling projects must meet second-order,
  class II accuracy standards.
• MONUMENTATION
• Must be permanent, stable, and uniquely
  identified.
• DOCUMENTATION
• Field Records
• Original field records (or acceptable copies)
  should be submitted with the data.
• Project Reports
• A project report, including sketches, must
  also be submitted

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NGS Policy continued...

• REVIEW
• Project plan must be reviewed by NGS prior to the
  start of a project.
• This review includes BOTH NGS offices in Silver
  Spring, MD AND the State Geodetic Advisor, if the
  state has one.
• RETURNED SUBMISSIONS - Projects will be returned
  if they contain a large number of errors
• SUBMITTED PROJECTS
• Adjustment - Project data must be adjusted using
  NGS ADJUST software.
• COST- This is a public service and NGS does not
  currently charge organizations who submit data.
• PUBLICATIONS - NGS has several of these on Blue
  Booking.

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References

• "Input Formats and Specifications of the NGS Data
  Base, three volume set, a.k.a the Blue Book
• NOTE Available on NGS Web site at
  http//www.ngs.noaa.gov/FGCS/BlueBook/
• "Geometric Geodetic Accuracy Standards and
  Specifications for Using GPS Relative Positioning
  Techniques version
  5.0, May 11, 1988. Reprinted with corrections
  August 1, 1989.
• NOTE Available on NGS Web site at
  http//www.ngs.noaa.gov/FGCS/tech_pub.html

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For GPS Projects

• NOTE There would be a similar (but slightly
  different) section for leveling projects.

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NGS Software

• Available Free of charge via the NGS Web Site at
  ftp.ngs.noaa.gov, or
• On diskette from the NGS Information Center for a
  fee.
• The following software is required for all GPS
  project submissions
• ADJUST - least squares adjustment software
• continued...

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NGS Software continued...

• ADJUST Utility Programs BBACCUR, CLUSTER,
  ELEVUP, ELLACC, MODGEE, QQRECORD, MAKE86
• WDDPROC - Generates D-FILE, station descriptions
  consistent with new NGS formats.
• GEOID99 - computes geoid height values.
• continued...

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Sequence of Events

• Prepare a Plan for Your Survey
• Submit plan to NGS for review and comment
• Field Observations
• Data Organization
• GPS Vector Reduction
• Blue Book file creation, including ADJUST input
  files continued...

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Sequence of Events continued...

• File Checking Accuracy, completeness, and file
  consistency cross-checks
• ADJUST
• Project report

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For Blue Booking Projects in North Carolina

• The North Carolina Geodetic Survey has agreed to
  perform a review of any project in NC prior to it
  being submitted to NGS. To make arrangements for
  this review, contact
• Gary W. Thompson
• Chief, NC Geodetic Survey
• Office of State Planning
• Elks Building
• 121 West Jones Street
• Raleigh, NC 27603-1334
• Tel [phone]
• E-mail gary.thompson_at_ncmail.net

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What you will send to NGS

• GPS Raw Observations (R-files)
• GPS Vector Solutions (G-files)
• GPS Project and Station Occupation Data File
  (B-file)
• Station Description File (D-file)

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What you will send to NGS continued...

• Adjustment Results
• Project Sketch
• Project Report

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NGS Check List(Bluebook Annex L, Exhibit A)

• PROJECT SUBMISSION CHECKLIST
• GPS PROJECTS
• Project Title ___________________________________
  __________
• Accession Number ________________________________
  _____________
• Submitting Agency _______________________________
  ______________
• Observing Agency ________________________________
  _____________
• Receiver Type ___________________________________
  __________

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NGS Check List continued...

• PACKAGE CONTENTS
• Project Report and Attachments Required For
• ( ) Project Report All Projects
• ( ) Approved Reconnaissance and Project Sketch
  All Projects
• ( ) Project Instructions or Contract
  Specifications All Projects
• ( ) Final Station List All Projects
• ( ) Station Visibility Diagrams All Projects
• ( ) Final Observing Schedule All Projects
• ( ) Observation Logs All Projects
• ( ) Equipment Failure Logs NGS Projects
• ( ) Loop Misclosures (optional)

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NGS Check List continued...

• ( ) Free Adjustment with Analysis All Projects
• ( ) Free Adjustment with Accuracies All Projects
• ( ) Constrained Horizontal Adjustment All
  Projects
• ( ) Constrained Vertical Adjustment (NAVD 88
  Heights)All Projects
• ( ) Meteorological Instrument Comparison Logs If
  Specified
• ( ) Photographs of Views from Stations If
  Specified
• ( ) Photographs or Rubbings of Station Marks All
  Projects
• ( ) COMPGB Output (Validation program-B/G file)
  All Projects
• ( ) OBSDES Output (Validation program-D-file) All
  Projects

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NGS Check List continued...

• ( ) OBSCHK Output (Validation program-D-file) All
  Projects
• ( ) CHKDESC Output (Validation program-D-file)
  All Projects
• ( ) ELLACC Output All Projects
• ( ) BBACCUR Output All Projects
• Digitized Data Files ( ) Diskettes ( )
  Other_________________
• ( ) Raw Phase Data (R-files) All Projects
• ( ) Base Line Vectors (G-file) All Projects
• ( ) Project and Station Occupation Data(Final
  B-file)All Projects
• ( ) Descriptions or Recovery Notes (D-file) All
  Projects
• ( ) Terrestrial Horizontal Observations (T-file)
  If Applicable

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NGS Check List continued...

• ( ) Differential Leveling Observations (L-file)
  If Applicable
• Comments - Enter on the reverse side of this
  form.
• Org Code Name Date
• Received by _____________________________________
  _________________
• Reviewed by _____________________________________
  _________________
• Reviewed by _____________________________________
  _________________

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Purpose of Geodetic Control

• SERVES AS FRAMEWORK FOR GIS
• Current need - mapping or photo control
• Future need referencing new surveys and
  photogrammetric updates to GIS framework

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Amount of Geodetic Control

• Conventional survey methods require station pairs
• Spacing of 0.5-2 mile recommended by National
  Research Council

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First Steps

• Inventory of all existing monumented points,
  including all geodetic control NGS/ USCGS,
  USGS, NCGS, plus others
• Option to use PLSS corners
• may require re-monumentation

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Cost of Geodetic Control

• Reconnaissance/planning
• Monument type
• Number and distribution of points
• Field Procedures/ Instrumentation
• Documentation/BlueBooking

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Issues to Consider

• Contracting agency
• In-house vs contracting
• who will do recon, mark setting
• BlueBooking added cost?
• Consultant/Contractor
• Develop in-house expertise vs sub-contracting

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Issues to Consider continued...

• Datum/adjustment compatibility issues WRT earlier
  data
• Legal importance of boundary monuments

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The Future???

• GPS CORS
• Real-Time Differential correctors
• New mapping techniques including photogrammetry
  w/o ground control, and real-time mapping
  (GPSvan), LIDAR, etc.
• ????

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Points of Contact
National Geodetic Survey Phone [phone]
Fax [phone] Internet Web Site
http//www.ngs.noaa.gov
Edward J. McKay Phone [phone] Ext. 102
Fax [phone] E-mail
Ed.McKay_at_noaa.gov