General Physics

1
General Physics

• The Following is an Outline for the Two Semester
  General Physics Class. This May be Used With the
  WSCC General Physics ONLINE Class to Point up the
  Important Terms and Laws.

2
Mechanics - Introduction

• Mechanics
• Dynamics
• Three Fundamental Units M,L,T
• Three Systems
• MKS
• CGS
• British
• Dimensional Analysis
• Significant Figures
• Conversion of Units
• Coordinate Systems
• Right Triangle Trigonometry

3
Motion in One Dimension

• Kinematics
• Scalars and Vectors
• Motion in a Straight Line
• Displacement Change in Position
• Velocity Displacement/Time
• Acceleration Change in Velocity/Time
• Average Velocity
• Instantaneous Velocity
• Distance
• Speed Distance Travelled/Time
• 5 Kinematic Equations
• Gravity (g) in Free Fall

4
Vectors and 2 Dimensional Motion

• Vectors
• Graphically Add Vectors
• Components of Vectors
• Add Vectors by the Component Method
• Projectile Motion
• ag
• no friction
• no coriolis force
• no acceleration in horizontal

5
The Laws of Motion

• Classical Mechanics versus Quantum Physics
• Contact Forces versus Field Forces
• Newtons Three Laws
• Units of Mass
• SI, CGS, British
• Units of Force
• SI, CGS, British
• 1 Pound 4.448 Newtons
• Convert from Kg to Slugs and in Reverse
• Weight mg
• Solve Force Problems Using Components
• Hanging Mass, Incline, Multiple Masses, Pulley

6
Work and Energy

• Energy
• Types and Transformations
• Kinetic Energy (KE)
• Potential Energy (PE)
• Work
• Scalar, Units in SI, CGS, British
• Conservative Forces
• Gravity
• Non-Conservative Forces
• Friction
• Conservation of Mechanical Energy
• Energy at 1 Energy at 2 Energy Lost from 1 to
  2
• Power

7
Momentum and Collisions

• Momentum P mv
• Units
• Vector
• Force Change in P Divided by Time
• ImpulseForce times Change in TimeChange in
  Momentum
• Units
• Area under a Force versus Time Plot
• Conservation of Momentum in a Collision
• P before a Collision P after a Collision
• Inelastic Collisions
• Elastic Collisions
• KE is Conserved or KE 1 KE 2
• Two Dimensional Collisions

8
Circular Motion and Gravity Law

• Satellite Motion
• GOES and Polar
• Radian Measure
• Angular Displacement
• Angular Velocity
• 5 Angular Kinematic Equations
• Tangential Velocity
• Radial(Centripetal) and Tangential Accelerations
• Centripetal Force
• Gravitation Law
• Gravity is Proportional to Mass and Inversely
  Proportional to the Distance Squared

9
Rotational Dynamics and Equilibrium

• What Creates the Rotation?
• Torque, Tau
• Units
• How Defined?
• Moment of Inertia, I
• Units
• Calculate for Uniform Object
• Angular Acceleration, Alpha
• Relate Linear Distance to Angular Distance
  (Radians)
• Relate Linear Velocity to Angular Velocity
  (Rad/Time)
• Relate Linear Acceleration to Angular
  Acceleration
• Equilibrium Problems Teeter/Totter, Diving
  Board, Book Shelf, Human Body (Arm)

10
Solids and Liquids

• Solids, Liquids, and Gases
• Elasticity
• Stress/Strain
• Youngs Modulus Stress/Strain, Shear Modulus
• Density
• Pressure
• Units and equivalencies for 1 atm
• Pascals Principle
• Fluid Pressure
• Archimedes Principle
• Fluid Dynamics
• Equation of Continuity
• Bernoullis Equation

11
Thermal Physics

• Thermodynamics
• Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
• Ideal Gas Law
• PVnRT
• Units on PV
• Plot of P versus T
• Temperature Scales
• Convert from F to C to K
• Water Density versus Temperature
• Maximum Density Occurs at What Temperature?
• Expansion/Contraction of Materials
• Macro Description of an Ideal Gas
• Number of Molecules in a Volume of Gas

12
Heat

• Heat is a Form of Energy
• Mechanical Equivalent of Heat
• 1 Cal 4.186 Joules
• Food Calorie 1000 Calories
• Specific Heat
• Know Some of the Common Substances
• Calorimetry
• Phase Changes
• Latent Heat of Fusion
• Latent Heat of Vaporization
• Methods of Heat Transfer
• Conduction --- Problem
• Convection
• Radiation --- Problem

13
Laws of Thermodynamics

• First Law - Conservation of Energy
• Internal Energy
• Heat or Thermal or Chemical or Nuclear
• Vibration or Rotation
• State of a System - P,V,T,Internal Energy
• Work Done or By a System
• Area Under a P versus V Plot
• Calculate the Work Done in a Cycle on a PV Plot
• Adiabats, Isobaric, Isovolumetric, Isothermals
• Heat Engines/Heat Pumps or Refrigerators
• Reversible Process
• Efficiency
• Carnot Engine ---Know the Cycle
• Entropy

14
Vibrations and Waves

• Simple Harmonic Motion - SHM
• Hookes Law
• Period
• Frequency
• Work Done to Pull Out a Spring
• Conservation of Energy in SHM
• Relate to Sine and Cosine Functions
• Find a(t), V(t), x(t), Maximum Velocity, and
  Maximum Acceleration
• Wave Motion
• Sound, E-M, Radio Waves, Xrays
• Types of Waves
• Transverse

15
Vibrations and Waves, Continued

• Longitudinal
• Wave Characteristics
• Wavelength
• Frequency or Period
• Velocity
• Crests or Troughs
• Velocity of Waves on a String
• Superposition of Waves
• Destructive
• Constructive

16
Sound

• Sound is a Form of Energy
• Intensity
• Decibels
• Exponential Scale
• Units
• Standing Waves
• Antinodes
• Nodes
• Closed Tubes
• Open Tubes
• Frequencies that the Human Ear Responds
• Doppler Effects

17
Electric Forces and Electric Fields

• Charged Objects - Attraction/Repulsion
• Units on Charge - Coulomb
• How many es in a Coulomb?
• Charge an Object
• Conduction/Induction
• Coulombs Law
• Units on Force, Proportional to Charge, Inversely
  Proportional to Distance Squared
• Electric Field
• Units
• Defined in Terms of a Positive Charge
• Properties of Electric Field Lines
• Conductor Properties With Respect to Electric
  Fields

18
Electrical Energy and Capacitance

• Work Done in Moving a Charge in an Electric Field
• Voltage
• Units
• Velocity of Particle Released in an Electric
  Field
• Electric Potential
• Scalar
• Energy of Particles Released in an Electric Field
• Electron Volts
• Equipotential Surfaces/Lines
• Capacitance
• Units
• Series/Parallel

19
Current and Resistance

• Current
• Direction of Current
• Units
• Drift Velocity -- SLOW
• Ohms Law
• Resistance of Conductor
• Units
• Resistivity
• Conductivity
• Electrical Energy and Power
• units

20
Direct Current Circuits

• Sources of EMF
• Resistors in Series
• Resistors in Parallel
• Kirchoffs Rules and Complex Circuitry
• RC Circuits

21
Magnetism

• Magnets
• Magnetic Field of Earth
• Magnetic Fields (B Fields)
• Units
• 2 Poles and Domains
• What Creates the Field?
• Force on a Charge Moving in a B Field
• Units
• Right Hand Rule
• Force on a Wire Carrying a Current in a B Field
• Motion of a Charged Particle in a B Field
• Radius, Frequency, Period, Momentum
• Amperes Law and B Field Around a Wire Carrying a
  Current

22
Magnetism ,Continued

• Magnetic Force on Two Parallel Conductors
• Magnetic Field in a Single Coil
• Magnetic Field in a Solenoid

23
Induced Voltage and Inductance

• Induced EMF
• Magnetic Flux
• Units
• Faradays Law of Induction
• Diagram Thought Process
• Use Coils and Magnets
• Lenzs Law
• Self Inductance
• RL Circuits
• Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field

24
Alternating Current Circuits

• Maximum and RMS Values of I and V
• Resistors in an AC Circuit
• No Phase Shift for V and I
• Capacitors in an AC Circuit
• V Lags I by 90 Degrees
• Inductors in an AC Circuit
• V Ahead of I by 90 Degrees
• RLC Circuits
• Z, RMS I and V Values, Xc, Xl, Phase Shift, Power
  Loss
• Xl Larger than Xc Then an Inductive Circuit
• Resonance in an RLC Circuit
• Transformers
• E-M Radiation Production and Maxwells Equations

25
Reflection and Refraction of Light

• Nature of Light
• Particles or Waves
• Speed of Light
• Huygens Principle
• Reflection
• Refraction
• Refractive Index and Snells Law
• Frequency Doesnt Change
• Dispersion in a Prism
• Examples Such as Looming, Stooping, Rainbows, and
  Mirages
• Total Internal Reflection
• This is a Refraction Process

26
Mirrors and Lenses

• Plane Mirrors
• Mirror Equation
• Where is Image Real/Virtual?
• Magnification of Object
• Concave/Convex Mirrors
• Draw Ray Diagrams to Locate Image
• Lens Equation
• Thin Lens
• Where is Image Real/Virtual?
• Magnification of Object
• Concave/Convex Lenses
• Draw Ray Diagrams to Locate Image
• Multiple Lens Combinations

27
Wave Optics

• Conditions for Interference
• Youngs Double-Slit Interference
• Change of Phase Due to Reflection
• Thin Film Interference
• Diffraction
• Single-Slit Diffraction
• Polarization of Light Waves

28
Quantum Physics and Nuclear Physics

• Blackbody Radiation and Plancks Hypothesis
• Photons and Photoelectric Effect
• The Uncertainty Principle
• Atomic Spectra
• Bohr Theory of Atom
• De Broglie Waves
• Quantum Mechanics
• Spin Magnetic Quantum Number
• Lasers
• Radioactivity
• The Decay Process