Exploring American History

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Exploring American History

• American History
• Unit VII The Beginning of Modern America
• Chapter 22 Section 1- The United States Gains
  Overseas Territories

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The United States Gains Overseas Territories

• The Big Idea
• In the last half of the 1800s, the United States
  joined the race for control of overseas
  territories.
• Main Ideas
• The United States ended its policy of
  isolationism.
• Hawaii became a U.S. territory in 1898.
• The United States sought trade with Japan and
  China.

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Main Idea 1The United States ended its policy
of isolationism.

• Powerful Western nations were building naval
  bases to protect shipping routes in the 1800s.
• Was an aspect of imperialism building an empire
  by founding colonies or conquering other nations
• Europeans extended colonial empires to control
  most of Africa and Southeast Asia during
  18701914.
• European countries wanted sources of raw
  materials, new markets for manufactured goods,
  and increased national pride.
• Meanwhile, the United States followed a limited
  policy of isolationism avoiding involvement in
  the affairs of other countries.

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Americas Policy Shifts

• By the late 1800s, some Americans wanted to end
  isolationism in order to
• Expand and keep the economy strong
• Protect economic interests by building a strong
  navy with many overseas bases
• United States began building an empire in late
  1800s
• Purchased Alaska from Russia for 7.2 million in
  1867
• Called Sewards Folly for Secretary of State
  William H. Seward, who negotiated the purchase of
  what critics called the Alaskan Icebox
• Annexed Pacific Ocean territories
• Midway Island in 1867
• Samoa in 1899

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Imperialist Activity

• Imperialism Extending a nations power over
  other lands.
• Causes of U.S. Expansionism
• Economic- Desire for new markets and raw
  materials
• Military- Desire for naval bases and coaling
  stations.
• Ideological- desire to bring Christianity,
  western-style culture and democracy to other
  peoples.
• Scramble for territory- 1800s
• European powers- Africa, Asia and dominating the
  economy of Latin America
• America believed it was its manifest destiny to
  expand westward to the Pacific Ocean, and now
  people sought lands even further west.

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End of Isolation

• Identify- Which areas of the world did Europeans
  try to control between 1870-1914?
• Recall- Name three forces that drove European
  imperialism.
• Contrast- What is isolationism? What did the
  opponents of isolationism believe?

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Main Idea 2Hawaii became a U.S. territory in
1898.
Americans owned most shops and shipyards in
Hawaii by 1840s.
Sugar became a leading export and the industry
prospered.
Planters forced the Hawaiian king to sign a new
constitution granting them more legislative power.
After Liliuokalani became queen and proposed a
new constitution, planters led a revolt and set
up their own revolutionary government supported
by the United States.
Congress annexed the Hawaiian Islands in 1898,
but it did not become the fiftieth state until
1959.
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Influence in Hawaii

• Early Contact
• British in 1778
• Chief Kamehameha- united eight islands and
  established a kingdom.
• Americans arrive- traders and missionaries.
• Foreigners brought diseases.
• Sugar cane and power
• Investors in the Sugar Cane industry began to
  increase their control and their profits.
  Sanford B. Dole.
• King Kalakaua got a treaty in 1875 to allow
  Hawaiian sugar to enter U.S. tax free and make it
  the cheapest sugar.

Kamehameha designed a fleet of war canoes called
peleleu and were mounted with guns for his
conquest of the Hawaiian Islands.
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Taking Control of Hawaii

• Plotting against the king and the end of the
  monarchy
• Hawaiian League- secret organization to overthrow
  the king and establish democracy- American
  business leaders, planters and traders.
• Bayonet constitution- forced on King Kalakaua- he
  lost power, his people couldnt vote and Pearl
  Harbor went to the Americans.
• Sugar treaty rejected
• Queen Liliuokalani- planned to restore power of
  the monarchy.
• 4 boatloads of U.S. Marines surround palace and
  Queen surrenders.
• Sanford B. Dole, sugar tycoon, chosen as
  president and Hawaii declared to be under U.S.
  protection.
• Annexation- Not all presidents were in favor of
  this. McKinley would vote for it . Hawaii
  become U.S. territory and finally state in 1959.

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Hawaii becomes a Territory

• Explain- What happened in 1875 that helped the
  Hawaiian sugar industry grow?
• Predict- What would native Hawaiians learn from
  the missionaries?

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Main Idea 3The United States sought trade with
Japan and China.

• The island nation of Japan was isolated from the
  rest of the world.
• The United States wanted to open Japans markets
  before Europeans arrived.
• Commodore Matthew Perry was sent on a mission to
  Japan to secure friendship and commerce in 1853
  and failed.
• Perry returned to Japan in 1854 with a show of
  power and many gifts.
• A commercial treaty was negotiated in 1858.
• By the 1890s, Japan was itself an imperial power.

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Influence in Japan

• 1853- Commodore Matthew Perry sent to get trade
  treaty with Japan. Japanese awed by U.S. naval
  strength- Treaty of Kanagwa 1854.
• Japanese modernization
• Japan seized Taiwan in 1895.

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Foreign Powers in China

• Spheres of Influence
• Japan defeated China in the Sino-Japanese War,
  189495.
• Other countries wanted to set up spheres of
  influence, areas where they could control trade
  and natural resources, in China

• Open Door Policy
• U.S. Secretary of State John Hay set forth an
  Open Door Policy.
• Policy stated that all nations should have equal
  access to trade in China.

• Boxer Rebellion
• China resented foreign control.
• Nationalists attacked foreign settlements in
  Beijing in Boxer Rebellion in 1900.
• Boxers were defeated, China paid a fine, and the
  Open Door policy remained.

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Open Door Policy and Boxer Rebellion- 328 min.
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U.S. Seeks Trade With Japan and China

• Recall- Why did President Fillmore send
  Commodore Perry to Japan?
• Identify Cause and Effect- Why had European
  powers not yet formed trade ties with Japan?
• Evaluate What do you think about the actions of
  Commodore Perry toward the Japanese?

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U.S. Seeks Trade With Japan and China

• Recall- How was the United States 1899 Open
  Door Policy treated by the European powers and
  Japan?
• Sequence- What series of events in 1868, 1895
  and 1905 led to Japan becoming a world power?
• Evaluate If you were a Chinese nationalist,
  what would you think of being within the sphere
  of influence of so many other countries?

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U.S. Seeks Trade With Japan and China

• Recall- How long did the Boxers siege of the
  foreigners walled settlement last?
• Evaluate What is your opinion about China being
  forced to make a 333 million payment to foreign
  governments after the Boxer rebellion?