CNS/ATM Developments in Europe A Communications and Surveillance Perspective

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CNS/ATMDevelopments in EuropeA Communications
and Surveillance Perspective

• Dan Hawkes
• JAA

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JAA/FAA International Conference Reykjavik 2003
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Scope

• An overview of the European strategies for
• Voice Communications
• Data Communications
• Surveillance

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VHF Spectrum Capacity

• To meet growing demand for new communication
  channels, the VHF band has been sub-divided to
  provide channels at frequency intervals of
  8.33kHz.
• 26 States of the ICAO European Region have
  adopted this strategy for airspace above FL 245
  on the 31st October 2002.

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(No Transcript)
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Demand

• At present, there are approximately 10,300 VHF
  frequency assignments listed in the ICAO COM-2
  Table.
• Estimates show that demand for about 2,300 new
  frequency assignments can be expected by 2015.
• In Dec 2002, the ICAO EANPG concluded that
  vertical expansion of 8.33 airspace below the
  current FL 245 will be needed from 2006 to meet
  this demand.

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ICAO EANPG conclusion 44/40 on 8.33 kHz Vertical
Expansion
gt FL 245 TODAY
Take all practical measures to minimise impact on
GA VFR State Aircraft
Conclusion 44/44 If no other solution identified
by 2009, may need to expand for all VHF comms in
2016.
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Benefit and Impact

• With vertical expansion, potential is
• to add 1722 frequency assignments
• satisfy VHF demand to 2015.
• Estimated impact on airspace users
• for above FL195, 3500 aircraft affected
• A total of 22,350 aircraft affected.
• EUROCONTROL offers an 8.33 kHz Awareness package
  (CD-ROM, poster, information notice).

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Data Communications
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Data Communications

• Data Link has been shown to reduce workload for
  ATC and promises increased airspace capacity.
• To take advantage of current aircraft equipage
  and to obtain early experience of data link
  usage, data link using ARINC 623 ACARS is
  available at some air traffic centres.
• This is a transitional step to data link using
  VDL mode 2 and the ATN as proposed in the LINK
  2000 programme.

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Link 2000

• LINK 2000 is a EUROCONTROL programme to
  introduce data link services for ATC using ICAO
  VDL mode 2 via the Aeronautical
  Telecommunications Network.
• Aircraft VHF systems capable of VDL mode 2 would
  need to be carried.
• Accommodation of long haul aircraft with FANS 1/A
  is considered possible subject to resolution of 7
  issues (in the avionics, or in the ground system,
  or in both).

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Data Link Services

• DLIC
• ACM
• AMC
• ACL
• DCL
• D-ATIS
• DSC

• Data link Initiation Capability (Log-on
  process).
• ATC Comms Management (Frequency changes).
• ATC Stuck Microphone Check
• ATC Clearances.
• Departure clearance.
• Digital Automatic Terminal Information Service.
• Downstream Clearance.

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Data Link Evolution
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Plans at Area Control Centres
Comms Management ATC Clearances Microphone check

2008
2002
2005
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Services are currently based on ACARS but
intended to be supplemented with, or replaced by,
VDL mode 2.
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Data Link Mandate ?

• Ideas being discussed
• Civil aircraft first issued with a certificate of
  airworthiness in an ECAC State or elsewhere, on
  or after 1 January 2008, should be equipped by 1
  January 2009.
• Civil aircraft first issued with a certificate of
  airworthiness in an ECAC State or elsewhere,
  prior to 1 January 2008, should be equipped by 1
  January 2014.
• Long-haul aircraft exempt.

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Surveillance

• Surveillance Strategy
• Mode S Secondary Radar
• Elementary Surveillance
• Enhanced Surveillance
• Automatic Dependent Surveillance

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Surveillance Road-Map for Europe
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Mode S Elementary Surveillance

• In accordance with the European Air Traffic
  Management Plan, implementation has been agreed.
• Aircraft will carry a transponder with the
  capability to down-link aircraft derived data to
  ATC.

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Elementary Surveillance provides

• Improved tracking and Vertical View.
• Improved Short Term Conflict Alert and Flight
  level monitoring.
• Less pollution of the radio spectrum.

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Mode S Enhanced Surveillance

• The Three States Mode S Enhanced Surveillance
  Project Master Plan has been published by
  EUROCONTROL defining the intentions of France,
  Germany and the United Kingdom.
• Enhanced Surveillance can provide safety,
  efficiency and airspace capacity enhancements.
• It has a potential development path to Automatic
  Dependent Surveillance.

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Mode S Enhanced Surveillance ?

• Transmits extraaircraft data to ATC-
• Aircraft heading, speed, selected altitude
  plus
• Vertical rate, roll angle, ground speed, and
  true track angle, and track angle rate.

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Enhanced Mode S Radar
Upper Airspace by end 2007
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Automatic Dependent Surveillance-BroadcastADS-B
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ADS-B Package 1

• Wide consensus in Europe on the applications
  which will be supported by ADS-B
• Package I of ground airborne surveillance
  applications defined
• No transfer of separation responsibility
• Implementations follow a pragmatic step-by-step
  approach
• Expected to bring safety and capacity benefits

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Package 1

• Five ground applications for ATC surveillance,
  airport surveillance.
• Seven airborne surveillance applications for
  airborne traffic situational awareness and
  airborne spacing.

Enabled by ADS-B and using 1090 MHz extended
squitter as the initial data link technology
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List of Package I Applications

• Ground Surveillance applications
• ATC Surveillance for en-route airspace
• ATC Surveillance in terminal areas
• ATC Surveillance in non-radar areas
• Airport Surface Surveillance
• Aircraft derived data for ground tools
• Airborne Surveillance applications
• Enhanced Traffic situational awareness on the
  airport
• Enhanced Traffic situational awareness in flight
  operations
• Enhanced visual acquisition for see and avoid
• Enhanced successive visual approaches
• Enhanced sequencing and merging operations
• In-trail procedure in oceanic airspace
• Enhanced crossing and passing operations

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Beyond Package I

• Future applications can be split in two groups
• Enhancement of Package I applications
• New ground and airborne applications
• Includes the transfer of separation
  responsibility from ground to the flight crew.
• Feasibility has yet to be established.

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Future Packages ?

• Package 2
• Enhanced applications from Package 1.
• ADS-B as a sole mean of surveillance in high
  density airspace.
• Airborne separation applications.
• Airborne self-separation application in
  low-density airspace.
• Package 3
• Enhanced applications from Package 2.
• Airborne self-separation application in
  medium/high-density airspace.

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Roadmap to ADS-B Implementation
2012
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
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Multi-lateration Surveillance

• Ground stations receive Mode S broadcasts then
  deduce aircraft position on the airport surface.
• System trials in progress at some airports e.g.
  London Heathrow.

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Supplementary Information
Guidance Material References Useful Web
sites Acronyms The Author
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Available Guidance Material

• JAA
• TGL No. 7 rev 1 8.33 VHF Operations.
• TGL No. 15 Departure Clearance over ACARS.
• TGL No. tbd D-ATIS over ACARS.
• NPA 20-11 Continental Data Link (Link 2000).
• TGL No. 8 rev 2 ACAS II Certification.
• TGL No. 11 ACAS II Training.
• TGL No. 13 rev 1 Mode S Elementary Surveillance.
  
• TGL No. tbd Mode S Enhanced Surveillance.
• EUROCONTROL
• SUR/Mode S/ES 3SP MP Three States Mode S
  Enhanced Surveillance Project Master Plan.

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JAA Guidance Material Navigation
ACJ 20X 4 Basic RNAV TGL No. 6 rev 1 RVSM TGL
No. 9 Database Assurance TGL No. 10 Precision
RNAV ACJ 20X tbd RNP 10 Operations
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Obtaining Information useful Web Sites

• JAA
• JAA Publisher
• EUROCAE

• www.jaa.nl
• www.avdataworks.com
• www.eurocae.org

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EUROCONTROL Web sites

• www.eurocontrol.int/eatmp
• www.eurocontrol.int/src
• www.eurocontrol.int/link2000
• www.ecacnav.com
• www.eur-rvsm.com
• www.eurocontrol.int/mode_s
• www.eurocontrol.int/surveillance
• www.eurocontrol.int/ads/

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Common Acronyms (2)

• ACARE Advisory Council on Aeronautical Research
  in Europe
• ACARS Aircraft Communication Addressing
  Reporting System
• ACAS Aircraft Collision Avoidance System
• ACJ Advisory Circular Joint
• ADS Automatic Dependent Surveillance
• ADS-A or C Automatic Dependent Surveillanceaddres
  sable or Contract
• ADS-B Automatic Dependent Surveillance- Broadcast
• ARINC Aeronautical Radio Inc.
• ASAS Airborne Separation Assistance System
• ATC Air Traffic Control
• ATM Air Traffic Management
• ATN Aeronautical Telecommunications Network
• CTR Centre
• EANPG European Air Navigation Planning Group

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Common Acronyms (2)

• ECAC European Civil Aviation Conference
• EUROCONTROL European Organisation for the Safety
  of Air Navigation
• FAA Federal Aviation Administration
• FANS Future Air Navigation System (1Boeing,
  AAirbus)
• GA General Aviation
• ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation
• MSSR Monopulse Secondary Search Radar
• NPA Notice of Proposed amendment
• RNAV Area Navigation
• RNP Required Navigation Performance
• RVSM Reduced Vertical separation Minimum
• TGL Temporary Guidance Leaflet
• TMA Terminal Area
• UAT Universal Access Transceiver
• VDL VHF Digital Link
• VFR Visual Flight rules

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The Author 
Dan Hawkes holds the post of Expert- Avionic
Systems and Software Engineering with the UK
Civil Aviation Authority where he has worked for
the past 33 years. His responsibilities include
the development of avionic requirements and
standards with special responsibilities for
Communication, Navigation, Surveillance/ Air
Traffic Management (CNS/ATM) technologies, the
certification of aircraft systems, the
investigation of in-service problems, and
research. He started his career as an airline
radio engineer with BOAC (now British Airways)
followed by a period when he was employed at the
British Aircraft Corporation involved in avionic
system commissioning on the prototype Concorde
aircraft. More recently, Dan has co-chaired the
joint EUROCAE /RTCA committee which produced the
software guidelines ED-12B/DO178B. He has been
chairman of EUROCAE WG18 (Cockpit Voice
Recorders), WG21 (Flight Data Recorders), and the
JAA All Weather Operations Study Group. He is
currently a member of the EUROCAE Technical
Committee, a member of the Joint Aviation
Authorities Certification Standardisation Panel,
and chairman of the JAA CNS/ATM Steering Group
responsible for advising the JAA Regulation
Director on actions JAA need to take in response
to international airspace developments.
JAA/FAA International Conference Reykjavik 2003