Chinas Influence on the Origins of

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Chinas Influence on the Origins of

• The Japanese Writing System
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Three Japanese Writing Systems

• Hiragana
• ????
• Katakana
• ????
• Kanji
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Explanation Description of Hiragana 1

• We use Hiragana to write any Japanese word.
• Hiragana is phonetic each character is a single
  sound, usually a Vowel sound.
• There are 46 basic characters.

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Explanation Description of Hiragana 2

• The Hiragana chart begins with the top right-hand
  character.
• We can write from top to bottom, right to left.
• We can also read and write from left to write as
  in English.

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Explanation Description of Katakana 1

• We use Katakana to write non-Japanese or foreign
  words.
• Katakana is also phonetic each character is a
  single sound, usually a Vowel sound.
• There are 46 basic characters.

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Explanation Description of Katakana 2

• The Katakana chart also begins with the top
  right-hand character.
• We can write from top to bottom, right to left.
• We can also read and write from left to write as
  in English.

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Hiragana vs Katakana

• Hiragana characters are more curvy.
• Katakana characters are more stick-like.
• We can use both Hiragana and Katakana together in
  the same sentence.

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Originally written with a brush
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Kanji - ?? 1

• Kanji is a writing system which originated in
  China and was borrowed by the Japanese around the
  5th Century during the Han Dynasty.
• When the Japanese adapted Kanji into their own
  language, they also borrowed the Chinese sound.

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The Han Dynasties

• Western Han (206 B.C - A.D. 9)
• Eastern Han (A.D. 25 - 220)
• Later Han (947-950
• The People of Han
• Other Dynasties
• Song (960 - 1279)
• Ming (1368 - 1644)
• Qing (1644 - 1911

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Kanji - ?? 2

• Kanji means Chinese character or letter. (Kan
  Han from the Han Dynasty ji character or
  letter)
• The Chinese sound in Japanese is called the ON
  or sound reading.

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Kanji - ?? 3

• Nowadays, almost every Kanji has an ON reading
  and a KUN reading which is the original
  Japanese word sound.
• This makes the study of Japanese reading somewhat
  more difficult than Chinese since Kanji in
  Chinese have only one sound.

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Kanji - ?? 4

• Of course, when we take into consideration the
  need for Hiragana, Katakana, and Kanji, we see
  just how much more involved the study of Japanese
  really is.
• Kanji is as influential in Asian languages as
  Latin is in Western languages.

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Kanji - ?? 5

• Kanji is used by Chinese people.
• Kanji is used by Japanese people.
• Kanji or Hanzi is sometimes even used by Korean
  people.
• In ancient times, Kanji was used by Vietnamese
  people.
• Nowadays, they use a romanized system.

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Kanji - ?? 6

• In fact, over 50 of Vietnamese words are derived
  from Chinese via Kanji.
• louh-si ?? teacher in Chinese.
• ?? or kyoushi teacher in Japanese.
• Giao-su teacher in Vietnamese giao-si
  priest

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Kanji - ?? 7

• The earliest known Kanji - Hanzi (Chinese
  writing) dates from about 1,500 BC. - The Oracle
  Bones were discovered in 1899.
• The Japanese became interested in developing a
  writing system through contact with Korea.

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Kanji - ?? 8

• It was between the 3rd and 5th centuries that
  Chinese writing was introduced into Japan via
  Korea.
• Chinese books on Buddhism (538 - introduction of
  Buddhism to Japan via Paekche, one of three
  Korean states)

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Kanji - ?? 9

• In 391, a Japanese expedition to Korea rescued
  the King of Paikche (Korea).
• The kings gratitude came in the form of scholars
  carrying books written in Chinese to Japan.

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Kanji - ?? 10

• These written texts on Buddhism convinced the
  Japanese how important a writing system like
  Kanji was.
• The first book in Japan using all Kanji with
  Japanese words was the Kojiki (Record of Ancient
  matters) in 712.

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Kanji - ?? 11

• Actually, Buddhism originated in India around the
  5th century.
• It spread throughout China in the 2nd and 3rd
  centuries A.D.
• It then entered Korea and was introduced during
  the 6th century.

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Japans Geographical Proximity to China and Korea
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• In 552, The King sent a bronze image of Buddha,
  some Buddhist scriptures and other presents.

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Japans Geographical Proximity to China and Korea
2

• China was a major influence on Japan in the 3rd
  to the 8th centuries.
• Buddhism
• Kanji
• Chinese art methods
• Concept of city and temple planning
• Customs and ceremonies

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Kanji - ?? 12

• As the Japanese began to understand the Chinese
  writing, they attempted to adapt it to their own
  language.
• At first, they disregarded the meanings of Kanji
  although they kept the sounds which are still
  used today as the ON readings.

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Kanji - ?? 13

• It was very complex with many difficulties. The
  two languages were completely different.
• Chinese monosyllabic, tonal vs Japanese
  poly-syllabic, non-tonal feature
• Hiragana was developed from Kanji at first, it
  was used only by women since it was thought that
  Kanji was too difficult for them.
• It was known as ?? ONNADE (by women)

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Major Religious Influences in Japan

• Buddhism
• Shintoism
• Confucianism
• Christianity

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Buddhism

• Buddhism entered Japan
• during three historical
• periods
• Nara Period 710 - 784
• Heian Period 794 - 857
• Kamakura Period
• 1185 - 1336
• Buddhism is a way of life
• of many Japanese. Funerals are
• held in Buddhist ceremonies
• in which chanting and the
• burning of incense is performed.

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Shintoism

• Shintoism is native
• to Japan.
• Shinto ?? means
• The way of the gods
• Purity (Cleanliness is stressed.)
• Shintoism is used at birth. (7 - 5 - 3)
• Ancient Japanese mythology

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Confucianism 1

• Confucianism
• Religion of social order (especially prior to
  1945).
• Prior to that time, the Emperor declared himself
  and was even considered by Japanese people like a
  god. He was at the top of society.
• Nowadays the influence of Confucianism can even
  be felt in all areas of society.
• in the work place
• In the family
• In school

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Christianity 1

• Christianity in Japan
• In 1542, a Portuguese sailing ship was wrecked on
  the shores of Kyushu.
• Muskets were introduced to Japan by the
  Portuguese.
• In 1542, Jesuit missionary, Francis Xavier landed
  in Kyushu to begin his attempt at christianizing
  Japan.
• The Japanese liked the Jesuit missionaries
  because of their strong emphasis on academics and
  their discipline.

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Christianity 2

• Christianity in Japan
• By 1582, it was reported that there were 150,000
  Christians and 200 churches in Japan.
• Christianity prospered in Nagasaki.
• However, in 1587, a ban was established against
  Christianity. All Christians were to leave in 20
  days.
• In 1597, 26 Christians, some Japanese and some
  foreigners, were tortured, mutilated and
  crucified up-side-down.