Evolution and Genetics

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Evolution and Genetics
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• Genes are found on
• chromosomes
• The process that produces sex cells is
• meiosis
• The passing of traits from parents to offspring
  is
• heredity

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• Two forms of the same gene are known as
• alleles
• The set of instructions for each characteristic
  donated by the parent to the offspring is called
• genes

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• The organisms appearance is known as its
• phenotype
• ____ used plants to study the way traits are
  passed from parents to offspring.
• Mendel

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• The trait that seems to recede in the background
  in first-generation offspring is the
• recessive trait
• Humans produce sex cells through a process called
• meiosis

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• These may be dominant or recessive.
• alleles
• ____ proposed that genes are located on
  chromosomes.
• Sutton

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• A gene is
• set of instructions, instructions on how to
  make a protein, a portion of a strand of DNA
• DNA
• has a structure like a twisted ladder
• In incomplete dominance,
• each allele for a trait has its own
  degree of influence

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• Chemist Rosalind Franklin was able to ____ using
  X-ray diffraction.
• create images of DNA molecules
• The images that Rosalind Franklin created
  suggested that DNA has a(n) ____ shape.
• spiral

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• A red snapdragon flower crossing with a white
  snapdragon flower and producing a pink snapdragon
  flower is an example of
• incomplete dominance
• The color of your eyes is an example of
• how many genes can influence one
  trait

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• A mutation in DNA could result in
• a genetic disorder, death, no change at all
• The theory of evolution combines the principles
  of
• natural selection and genetic
  inheritance

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• Individuals in a population that have traits or
  abilities that give them a competitive advantage
  over other population members are more likely to
  survive and reproduce.
• This principle is called
• natural
  selection
• The theory of evolution can be explained in part
  by changes in an organism's DNA known as
• mutations

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• Structures and behaviors for finding food,
  protection, and for moving from place to place
  are an organism's ____ to its environment.
• adaptations
• Antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms
  that cause diseases, such as tuberculosis, are
  increasing in number due to
• natural selection

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• What process accounts for the diversity of life
  on Earth?
• biological evolution
• Diversity of life has developed on Earth
• gradually over many years

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• What is the basic unit of life?
• the cell
• Multi-cellular organisms grow larger because
• they have more cells

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• What process in multi-cellular organisms allows
  for cell specialization?
• differentiation
• The visible traits of an organism.
• phenotype

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• What cell process results in the formation of two
  genetically identical daughter cells?
• mitosis
• In asexual reproduction, offspring receive how
  much of their DNA from the parent(s)?
• 100

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• In sexual reproduction, offspring receive how
  much of their DNA from the parent(s)?
• 50
• Coiled structures of DNA and protein make up
  the_________.
• chromosomes

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• What structure carries the instructions for cell
  processes?
• chromosome
• What are segments of DNA on the chromosomes
  called?
• genes

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• How many copies of a gene are generally found in
  a cell?
• two
• Copies of the same gene in a cell are called
  what?
• alleles

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• Characteristics that can be transferred from one
  generation to another are called________.
• traits
• Evolution happens at what level?
• population

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• Changes in the genetic make-up of an organism is
  called_________.
• mutation
• In order for a species to survive that species
  must eat, survive and__________.
• reproduce at a rate greater than the death rate

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• In order for an "advantage" to be passed on to
  the next generation it must be_________.
• genetically based
• Plant and animal cells contain how many genes?
• thousands

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• Inherited traits are determined by_________.
• one or more genes
• The genetic material of living organisms is
  located on what structure of the cell?
• chromosome

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• What compound is the genetic material of living
  organisms?
• deoxyribonucleic acid
• When coding for characteristics of an organism,
  the two copies of a gene are _____.
• identical, dominant, or recessive

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The End