Stucco Cladding Options

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Stucco Cladding Options

• AIA Presentation

Master Wall Inc.
Building a Culture of Excellence
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  The American Institute of Architects Continuing
  Education Systems. Credit earned on completion
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  request

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for
continuing professional education. As such, it
does not include content that may be deemed or
construed to be an approval or endorsement by the
AIA of any material of construction or any method
or manner of handling, using, distributing or
dealing in any material or product. Questions
related to specific materials, methods and
services will be addressed at the conclusion of
this presentation.
Thank You!
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Learning Objectives

• Building Code Cladding Overview
• Basic System Types
• Best Uses, Advantages, Disadvantages
• Sustainable Design Strategies, LEED
• Specialty Products Best Uses

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System Types

• New Building Codes
• Commercial Systems (IBC)
• Commercial/Institutional, etc.
• Residential Systems (IRC)
• Single/Multi Family

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International Building Code (IBC, 2000 2003)

• Chapter 14 Exterior Walls
• Applies to most Weather Coverings such as
  veneers, hardboard/wood, stone and EIFS
• Chapter 25 Gypsum Board Plaster
• Applies to stucco

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IBC Chapter 14

• Requires a weather barrier behind ALL claddings
  except
• Over concrete or masonry walls
• Over a wall cladding that demonstrates
  wind-driven rain resistance including joints,
  penetrations and intersections

Source IBC 2000, 1403.2
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IBC Chapter 25

• Typically references three-coat work over lath
  and two-coat work over masonry/concrete
• ASTM C926 for stucco
• ASTM C1063 for lath accessories
• ASTM Standards also used as a reference in some
  One Coat Stuccos

Source IRC 2000, 2512
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International Residential Code (IRC 2003)

• Requires a water barrier under all but a few
  claddings
• Many states have adapted a requirement for a
  water barrier behind all claddings

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Basic Commercial Stucco Cladding Types

• Class PB EIFS
• Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems
• Drainage EIFS
• EIFS over a water barrier
• EIFS over a trowel-applied water barrier
• EIFS over a roll-applied water barrier
• One Coat Stucco

• Traditional Stucco
• Direct Applied
• Drainage DEFS
• Cement Board Coatings
• Insulated Concrete Forms
• Uninsulated Finishes

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Basic Residential Stucco Cladding Types

• Class PB Drainage
• EIFS over a water barrier
• Class PI EIFS
• Polyisocyanurate insulation boards over a water
  barrier
• One Coat Stucco

• Traditional Stucco
• Direct Applied
• Drainage DEFS
• Cement Board Coatings
• Insulated Concrete Forms
• Uninsulated Finishes

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Stucco Cladding Uses

• So many choicesWhat works best?

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EIFS

• Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems

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Class PB EIFS

• Barrier Wall System
• Commercial use only
• Commonly used in strip malls, office buildings
  and schools
• Adhesively or mechanically attached to a
  substrate
• Best for use where aesthetics, style and costs
  are a factor

Framing Sheathing
Adhesive (or mechanical attachment)
Insulation Board
Reinforcing Mesh
Base Coat
Finish Coat
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Class PB EIFS Sustainable Benefits

• Low Initial Costs Costs
• Works well for previously developed sites (SS)
• High Insulation Value (EA)
• Adaptable for reuse (MR)
• Minimal waste, pails and extra insulation can be
  recycled
• Finishes are low VOC

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Class PB Drainage System

• Class PB EIFS flexibility, drainage capability
• Always applied over a water barrier
• For residential and commercial use
• Flat or wavy insulation board are often used
• Most common installation uses flat insulation
  board over a spacer-type water barrier
• Suitable for most construction types especially
  strip malls, hotels and light commercial

Framing Sheathing
Water Barrier
Insulation Board
Mechanical Attachment
Reinforcing Mesh
Base Coat
Finish Coat
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Class PB Drainage EIFS Sustainable Benefits

• Works with a secondary moisture strategy
• Works well for previously developed sites (SS)
• High Insulation Value (EA)
• Adaptable for reuse (MR)
• Minimal waste, pails and extra insulation can be
  recycled
• Finishes are low VOC

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Class PB Drainage SystemRoll-Applied Water
Barrier, Channeled Adhesive Design

• Drainage EIFS adhered to a roll-applied water
  barrier
• Water barriers are often rolled into openings
  100 water protection
• Typically the adhesive grooves provide the
  drainage channel
• Benefits of an adhesively-applied EIFS but with
  drainage capability
• Suitable for light to mid-commercial construction

Framing Sheathing
Adhesive Attachment
Roll-Applied Water Barrier
Insulation Board
Reinforcing Mesh
Base Coat
Finish Coat
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Class PB Drainage System Sustainable Benefits
Roll-Applied Water Barrier, Channeled Adhesive
Design

• Roll air/water barrier is a secondary moisture
  strategy (EA)
• Reduces air infiltration as part of an energy
  strategy (EA)
• High Insulation Value (EA)
• Minimal waste, pails and extra insulation can be
  recycled
• Finishes are low VOC

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Class PB Drainage SystemTrowel-Applied Water
Barrier, Channeled Adhesive Design

• Drainage EIFS adhered to a trowel-applied water
  barrier
• Thicker water barrier compared to roll-applied
  products
• Typically peel and stick type flashings used at
  openings
• Some systems incorporate channels or
  pressure-equalizing methods
• Costly suitable for long-term use buildings
  such as government facilities

Framing Sheathing
Adhesive Attachment
Trowel-Applied Water Barrier
Insulation Board
Reinforcing Mesh
Base Coat
Finish Coat
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Class PB Drainage System Sustainable
DesignTrowel-Applied Water Barrier, Channeled
Adhesive Design

• Trowel-applied air/water barrier and flashing
  tapes are part of a secondary moisture strategy
  (EA)
• Reduces air infiltration as part of an energy
  strategy (EA)
• High Insulation Value (EA)
• Minimal waste, pails and extra insulation can be
  recycled
• Finishes are low VOC

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Class PI Drainage System

• Class PI with Polyocyanurate Insulation
• Always applied over a water barrier- sometimes
  with spacers
• Larger insulation sheets with fiberglass facing
  are sometimes easier to apply
• Control joints often required to ease thermal
  movement
• Suitable for residential and occasional light
  commercial

Framing Sheathing
Water Barrier
Insulation Board
Mechanical Attachment
Reinforcing Mesh
Base Coat
Finish Coat
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Class PI Drainage EIFS Sustainable Benefits

• 0 HCFCs in the manufacture of the insulation,
  higher R-value
• Works with a secondary moisture strategy
• Works well for previously developed sites (SS)
• High Insulation Value (EA)
• Adaptable for reuse (MR)
• Minimal waste, pails and extra insulation can be
  recycled
• Finishes are low VOC

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EIFS Design Basics

• A secondary water barrier is required for
  residential construction, optional for light
  commercial (depends on codes)
• System breaks at penetrations
• ½ to ¾ wide sealant joints are the norm,
  fillet-type sealant joints are allowed in
  residential construction
• Sealant bridges between the EIFS and wall
  penetrations
• Plastic trims or backwrapping may be used where
  the system ends
• Insulation thickness varies from ¾ to 1 minimum
  to a maximum 4 as allowed by code (5/8 to 2
  for Class PI Systems)
• Insulation Board keeps inside wall temperatures
  more consistent.

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Stucco

• One Coat Traditional

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One Coat Stucco (OCS)

• Like traditional stucco, but with fibers
• Installed thinner than regular stucco, ½ is
  typical
• Typically 2-water barriers are required over
  sheathing
• May be applied directly to masonry or concrete
• May not be available in all areas (needs a code
  report)
• Control joints and casing beads are required
  located by A/E
• Generally limited to relatively flat walls some
  decorative foam trim can be added
• Acrylic finishes commonly used as a finish coat

Framing Sheathing
Water Barrier
One Coat Stucco
Primer (optional)
Finish Coat
Metal Lath mechanically attached to framing
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OCS Sustainable Benefits

• Efficient use of Portland cement, sand is
  plentiful
• Any extra sand could remain on site
• May be used for previously developed sites,
  renovation and reuse (SS)
• Works with a secondary moisture strategy
• Adaptable for reuse (MR)
• Minimal waste, bags and pails could be recycled
• Finishes are low VOC

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Traditional Stucco

• Traditional stucco mixed a variety of ways in
  accordance with ASTM C926
• Applied full thickness, 7/8 over sheathing and
  ½ over masonry
• Like traditional stucco, but with fibers
• Typically 2-water barriers are required over
  sheathing
• May be applied directly to masonry or concrete
• Control joints and casing beads are required
  located by A/E
• Generally limited to relatively flat walls some
  decorative foam trim can be added
• Acrylic finishes commonly used as a finish coat

Framing Sheathing
Water Barrier
Primer (optional)
Stucco
Metal Lath mechanically attached to framing
Finish Coat
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Traditional Stucco Sustainable Benefits

• Efficient use of Portland cement, lime and sand
  is plentiful
• All materials are likely local in sourcing
• Any extra sand could remain on site
• May be used for previously developed sites,
  renovation and reuse (SS)
• Works with a secondary moisture strategy
• Adaptable for reuse (MR)
• Minimal waste, bags and pails could be recycled
• Finishes are low VOC

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Stucco/OCS Design Basics

• A secondary water barrier is required for
  sheathing applications
• System breaks at penetrations
• Very little guidelines are available. Sometimes
  the stucco is run tight to penetrations, other
  times a small sealant joint is used
• Plastic, galvanized or zinc trims are used, sized
  for the stucco thickness (ground)
• Control joints are used to help reduce cracking
• 144 s.f. maximum wall area
• Length to width ratio no more than 2.51
• Possibly off corners of windows/doors
• At dissimilar substrates
• Avoid layouts that form unusual shapes (L, U, T)

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DEFS

• Direct-Applied Exterior Finish Systems

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DEFS Soffit

• Durable, good looking and economical
• Nice upgrade from vinyl, aluminum or painted
  exterior gypsum board
• Common applications include schools, office and
  commercial uses

Framing
DEFS Substrate
Reinforcing Mesh
Base Coat
Finish Coat
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Stucco Cement Board Coatings

• Durable, good looking alternative to stucco
• Foam trims can be added to improve aesthetics
• Cement boards may be placed in areas too small
  for traditional stucco
• Common applications include schools, office and
  commercial uses

Framing Sheathing
Water Barrier
Cement Board Substrate
Reinforcing Mesh
Base Coat
Finish Coat
Reinforcing Mesh/Base Coat at joints
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DEFS Design Basics

• A secondary water barrier is required for DEFS in
  vertical applications
• System breaks at penetrations
• Typically a small sealant joint is used
• Plastic trims are commonly used
• Control joints are used to minimize possible
  cracking
• 160 s.f. maximum wall area
• Placed no more than 20 lineal feet in any
  direction
• Length to width ratio no more than 2.51
• Off corners of windows/doors and at dissimilar
  substrates System breaks at penetrations
• Sealant bridges between the DEFS and wall
  penetration

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Insulated Concrete Forms

• Base coat, mesh and finish over the ICF forms
• Great if ties are buried within the insulation,
  otherwise another layer of insulation board is
  required
• Economical compared to other ICF finishing options

Insulated Concrete Form
Reinforcing Mesh
Base Coat
Finish Coat
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Uninsulated Finishes

• Base coat and finish over an approved substrate
• Unpainted brick/block
• Unpainted concrete
• Mesh is optional if needed for some additional
  crack resistance or to help leveling
• High-build base coats are recommended to help
  minimize wall variations
• Great for improving the looks of a
  masonry/concrete building or matching a renovation

Unpainted Masonry/Concrete
Reinforcing Mesh
Base Coat
Finish Coat
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DEFS Sustainable Benefits

• Efficient use of materials
• May be used for previously developed sites,
  renovation and reuse (SS)
• Adaptable for reuse (MR)
• Minimal waste, pails could be recycled
• Finishes are low VOC

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Specialty Products Best Uses
Use em where you need em
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Elastomeric Textured Finishes

• Elastomeric finishes use a softer acrylic polymer
• Designed to bridge minor cracking especially in
  stucco
• Factory mixed upgrade

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Silicone Finish Additive

• Silicone is factory added to a finish
• Good for high humidity/moisture laden areas
• Keeps the finish looking cleaner, especially for
  dirty environments
• Does eventually leach out but can be part of a
  maintenance reduction strategy

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Mildew Finish Additives

• All finishes are tested for minimum mildew
  resistance
• A booster is factory added to exceed these
  requirements
• Great for areas that receive minimal sunlight or
  air movement
• Can reduce maintenance in problem areas

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Mesh Upgrades for EIFS

• Many different mesh weights are available
  depending upon the needs
• Generally, the higher the mesh weight the better
  the impact resistance
• 2-layer systems offer the best impact resistance
• Impact resistance varies by manufacturers
• Detail mesh is soft and pliable for backwrapping
  or special details

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High Build Base Coats

• High Build base coats help level walls
• May be used in EIFS
• Especially useful in DEFS or Uninsulated
  applications where out of plane conditions exist
• May also be used to level stucco

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Waterproof Base Coats

• Uses waterproof acrylics
• Good for below grade applications, long sloped
  applications
• Most can be used to adhere insulation boards as
  well

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Stucco Acrylic Additives

• Greatly improve the performance of stucco
• Increased Compressive Strength
• Increased Tensile Strength
• Can eliminate fogging if levels are high enough

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Specialty Primers

• Primers equalizes finish absorption and evens out
  finish color
• Suggested over stucco applications where
  absorption varies considerably
• Useful over EIFS base coats where a very light
  finish color is desired
• Highly recommended when foam trims are added to
  stucco

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Acrylic Roll-Applied Coatings

• Typically the same as the finish, minus the
  aggregate
• Used for color changes or accent banding
• Standard and Elastomeric versions available with
  most manufacturers

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Stone Finishes

• Used to create the look of marble or granite
• Manufacturers offer a variety of colors and
  aggregate sizes
• Primer required

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Antiquing Accents

• Highly stylized accents
• Vary texture technique
• Spray
• Sponge
• Light Spray Accent

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Thank You For Your Time
? Questions ?
This concludes the American Institute of
Architects Continuing Education Program
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