Chapter 11 Complex Invertebrates Section 1 Arthropods p.202207

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Chapter 11Complex InvertebratesSection 1
Arthropods p.202-207
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Arthropod

• Means jointed leg. The most complex
  invertebrates. They have jointed legs, an
  exoskeleton, and body segments. (butterflies,
  spiders, scorpions) About 10 million estimated
  species. Weve only identified about 850,000
  species so far!

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Appendages

• Legs, claws, jaws, fangs, egg depositors, pincers

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Exoskeleton

• A hard outer skeleton made of chitin. This
  chitin protects the soft part of the body and
  prevents water loss.

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Molting

• The shedding of the exoskeleton. They shed in
  order to grow. They are defenseless until a new
  exoskeleton grows!

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Open Circulatory System

• The blood fills the body cavity instead of being
  inside of blood vessels.

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Tracheae

• The air passage way used for breathing by land
  arthropods.

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Book Lungs

• A special breathing structure that looks like the
  pages in a book. Found in spiders.

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Spiracles

• Tiny openings in the exoskeleton that allow air
  to enter and exit the body of an arthropod. They
  are found on the abdomen.

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Common Types of Arthropods

• Arachnidsspiders, scorpion, mites, ticks
• Insects ants, bees, butterflies
• Crustaceans crayfish, lobsters, crabs
• Myriapods centipedes, millipedes

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Arachnids

• Not insects. Have 8 legs. Have two body
  segments called the cephalothorax and the abdomen.

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Arachnid Characteristics

• Cephalothorax head and chest of an arachnid.
• Abdomen part of the organism that contains most
  of the internal organs.
  
• Simple eyes can sense light and dark, but cant
  form images.

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Arachnid Characteristics

• Spinnerets small tubes on the abdomen where a
  liquid protein which makes the web passes.

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Ballooning

• Method by which young spiders travel using the
  wind and a strand of web.

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Orb Web

• A spiral shaped web with a zig zag pattern.

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Sheet Web

• A sheet web is found on the ground. Prey are
  pulled down through the web.

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Tarantula

• The largest of the spiders. It is a wolf spider.
  It doesnt spin a web, but has a bite that is
  painful and will make a person ill. Found in SW
  United States.

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Black Widow

• Female bites can make a person seriously ill and
  is sometimes fatal. Common in the southern and
  western parts of the US.

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Scorpions

• Found in SW US
• They have a barbed stinger at the tip of their
  abdomen.

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Crustaceans

• A class of arthropods
• They have 2 body divisions, 2 pairs of antenna,
  working legs, and most live in water.

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Antenna

• Sense organs that give the animal information
  about its environment.

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Antennules

• Short antenna used primarily for balance

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Mandibles

• The jaws, which are used for chewing.

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Walking Legs

• Four pairs of legs used for walking.

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Swimmerets

• Much shorter than legs and are used to help swim.

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Uropod

• Flipper-like structure at the posterior end which
  is used to help swim.

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Compound Eyes

• Found on crustaceans. They have more than one
  lens and form multiple images.

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Myriapods

• A class of arthropods
• Means having many legs