The TransAppalachian Frontier

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The Trans-Appalachian Frontier

• Chapter 7.2

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Lesson Overview

• 1. Travel to frontier
• 2. Establish boundaries
• 3. Start farms and businesses
• 4. Built institutions
• 5. Cultivate farms and develop cities

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Vocabulary

• Migrateto move from one region to settle in
  another.
• InstitutionAn established organization that
  provides social functions.

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People Move Westward for New Opportunities

• 1. Native Americans and White settlers fought
  over western lands.
• 2. Trans-Appalachian Frontier Land between the
  Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi.

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• 3. Davy Crockett was a living legend on the
  frontier. Many stories were written about him.

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• 4. Another living legend, Daniel Boone, led the
  first group of pioneers across the Cumberland Gap
  into Kentucky. He also was famous for his
  knowledge of Native Americans.

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• James Fennimore Cooper (Author)
• 5. Natty Bumpo was a character in many books
  based on Daniel Boone. These books inspired many
  people to move west.

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Along the Frontier

• 1. The westward march changed the frontier into
  settled land.
• 2. The population center of the United States
  began moving west.
• 1790-Baltimore
• 1860-Chillicothe, Ohio

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Along the Frontier

• 3. Most pioneers moved west for land and better
  economic opportunities.
• 4. Some pioneers went west because they were
  given land for military service.
• 5. The pioneers also include African Americans
  as well as slaves. They took jobs as farmers,
  cowhands, and miners.

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Roads to the West

• 1. Westward travel was slow and difficult. Even
  with roads, travelers would go less than 25 miles
  a day.

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Roads to the West

• 2. Many roads required paying a toll every 6 to
  10 miles. The toll was usually 25 cents.

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Roads to the West

• 3. Rivers and canals were also used to carry
  settlers. They used flatboats and steamboats to
  haul passengers.

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Pioneers Settle the West

• 1. New settlers cleared the land, planted crops,
  and built houses and barns.

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Review

• 1. What were the 5 steps that were
• taken to start a western town?
• 2. What does the word migrate mean?

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• 3. Where is the Trans-Appalachian
• Frontier?
• 4. Who were the 2 living legends of
• the West?

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• 5. What did author James Fennimore
• Coopers books do?
• 6. What happened to the population
• center of America between 1790-
• 1860?

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• 7. What were the 3 main reasons people moved
  west?
• 8. What methods of travel were used to move west?

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Mapping and Planning Towns

• 1. Metes and boundsusing natural boundaries
  and landforms to set property lines. This led to
  confusion and costly lawsuits.

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Mapping and Planning Towns

• 2. Thomas Jefferson suggests that lines of
  longitude and latitude are used in the Northwest
  territory.

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Mapping and Planning Towns

• 3. Land of the Northwest Territory was divided
  into 6 mile squares called townships.
• Each square is 640 acres.

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Mapping and Planning Towns

• 4. This system gave square fields and straight
  streets.
• 5. The township system allowed pioneers to buy
  government land with clear boundaries.

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Building Schools and Churches

• 1. Pioneer families had no schools or churches
  until they were built.

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Building Schools and Churches

• 2. Mills were often the first business in a new
  township followed by blacksmiths, wheelwrights,
  and doctors.

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Building Schools and Churches

• 3. Land was set aside for public education so
  children could learn the 3 Rs. (reading, riting,
  and rithmetic)

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New England Primer
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Building Schools and Churches

• 4. Churches grew slowly during the early years
  so circuit riders were popular.
• A circuit rider was a preacher that traveled from
  place to place on horseback.

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Circuit Rider
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Building Schools and Churches

• 5. By 1840, the West had cultivated farms,
  similar institutions as in the East, and plenty
  of room for more immigrants.

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U.S. Map in 1840
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Review

• 1. Name the first toll road in America?
• 2. What was the problem with setting boundaries
  using metes and bounds.
• 3. Thomas Jefferson suggested using what to set
  land boundaries?

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• 4. What was usually the first business a
  township would build?
• 5. What did land have to be set aside for in new
  townships?
• 6. What do you call a preacher on horseback that
  travels from town to town?