Weight Management Wk 6

1
Weight Management Wk 6

• The Unfolding Role of Diet
• And Other Factors

2
Many Cancers Can be Avoided

• Even if genes increase your cancer risk 60-70 of
  all cancers can be avoided by paying attention to
  4 Lifestyle factors
• Weight Control
• Dietary Intake
• Physical Activity
• Smoking Cessation

3
Animal Studies

• At least 22 studies have been conducted in which
  cancer has been experimentally induced (by a
  carcinogen).
• In the majority of these studies it was found
  that the animals fed vegetables or fruits
  experienced fewer tumors, smaller tumors, less
  metastases, and less DNA damage.

Vegetables, fruit, and cancer prevention A
review, JADA, Oct. 96
4
Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer

• Lifestyle choices linked to lower risks of
  breast cancer
• Physical activity
• Healthy diet
• Avoiding Alcohol
• Healthy weight
• Avoiding estrogens

5
Weight and Breast Cancer Risk

• Study of 900,000 cancer free adults
• After 6 years, women who were significantly
  overweight (BMI 35) were more than twice as
  likely to develop breast cancer than women in a
  healthy weight range

Relative Risk ofBreast Cancer
New England Journal of Medicine, April 24, 2003
6
Diet and Risk of Breast Cancer

• Cancer Prevention Study 2 (600,000 women
  studied)
• Researchers found
• women who ate high amounts of saturated fat were
  around 20 more likely to develop breast cancer
  than women who ate low amounts
• Women who ate red meat frequently were 17 more
  likely to develop breast cancer than those who
  ate little or none

British Journal of Cancer 891672-85, Nov. 2003
7
Vitamin D and Cancer Risk

• Women with breast cancer are twice as likely to
  have a defective gene for use of Vitamin D (Brit
  J Cancer 200285171-175)
• Women who limit exposure to sunshine have lower
  levels of Vit D and higher risk of breast cancer
  and osteoporosis
• Sunlight exposure (UV-B) is associated with a
  decrease in breast cancer risk
• Omega-3 fatty acids appear to decrease breast
  cancer risk (Int J Cancer 2002 198(1)78)

8
Selenium and Cancer Risk
Relative Risk of Cancer (n)1,312 Double-blind,
placebo controlled,6 year study
200 mcg selenium/day
JAMA 19962761957-63
9
Colon Cancer

• Second most common cause of death from cancer is
  colon cancer
• Primary prevention
• Physical activity
• Limit meats and saturated fats in diet
• High folic acid (400 mcg) intake (a B-vitamin)
• Screening recommended
• Colonoscopy every 5-10 years starting age 50
• Or annual test for blood in stool less sensitive