EDUC100 Summary of Chapter 4 History of Education

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EDUC100 Summary of Chapter 4 History of
Education
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Colonial Period

• Local Control (schools reflect community
  religious values)
• Compulsory education laws
• Public tax support of schools
• Began questions about religion in schools
• Huge barriers based on sex, race, religion, SES
• No teacher preparation

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Statistical Time Out

• In 1776, the average LIFETIME school attendance
• was about 80 days

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1700s

• Secular curriculum (reflected increasing business
  economy)
• Some practical skills and apprenticeships (since
  those skills were needed in colonies)

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Statistical Time Out

• By 1848,
• Students in school attended an average of 7
  months in their lifetimes
• It cost school districts an average of 4.80 per
  pupil per day

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The Common Schools (1800s)

• Democratic Ideals kick in...
• Todays elementary schools begin
• Use of grade levels in schools begin
• Lowered some SES barriers
• Taught more secular values
• Founded normal schools
• Secondary public schools begin near end of
  century...free and public

Horace Mann (picture from lthttp//www.phd.antioch.
edu/ Pages/horacemanngt
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Statistical Time Out

• High School Graduation
• 1900, 6 of students
• 1920, 17 of students
• 1945, 45 of students

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Progressive Movement 1920- 1950

• John Dewey
• Moved curriculum toward health, family,
  community, vocations
• Centered learning on students interests
• Reaction to progressivism would lead to more
  science and math-focused courses

John Dewey
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Statistical Time Out

• 1900 the number of children in school is about
  50
• Average number of years spent in school 5
• 1910 2 million children are working in factories
  and mines

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20th Century Developments

• 1909 junior highs
• 1950s middle schools
• 1954 Brown v. Board of Topeka, Kansas
• 1950s purpose of school college prep or
  vocations
• 1960s Reflected turmoil of VN and Civil Rights
• Racism, white flight

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20th Century Developments
?1972 Head Start One of the most
successful federal programs. ?1975 Public Law
94-142, later becomes IDEA
(1991,1997) ?1979 Education becomes Cabinet
Post ?1980s ESL programs, mainstreaming
A Nation at Risk
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A New Century
No Child Left Behind (2001) a new era of
standards and testing