Cruise Ship Dumping

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Cruise Ship Dumping
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Cruise Ship Industry

• The industry began in the 1960s with excursions
  for the rich has increasingly grown throughout
  the decades to include the general population
• 3 major corporations make up two thirds of the
  cruise ship industry
• Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd.
• Carnival Corporation
• PO Princess Cruises plc.
• This industry is located in biodiversity hotspots
  such as the Caribbean
• Each Cruise Ship can carry up to and more than
  2,500 passengers in one trip
• These ships are like floating cities and just
  like any city they need to dispose of wastes and
  this disposal of wastes needs to regulated.

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2 Regulation Roadblocks

• Flag of Convenience
• Ships tend to travel on the high seas

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Who Regulates the Industry?

• International Maritime Organization (IMO)
• International Convention for the Prevention of
  Pollution from Ships (MARPOL)
• International Council of Cruise Lines (ICCL)
• Nation States

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Types of Waste

• Ballast Water
• Wastewater
• Graywater
• Blackwater
• Hazardous Waste
• Solid Waste

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Ballast Water

• Used to maintain ships stability in water
• Releases water when they increase weight on ship
• Take up water when they decrease the weight of
  the ship
• Causes invasion of non-exotic species
• This water must be released out to sea
• However most cruises travel along the coast and
  rarely make transoceanic voyages

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Wastewater

• Graywater-waste from sinks, showers, and cleaning
  of the ship
• Contains detergents, oil, and food grease
• On a week long cruise up to one million gallons
  can be released into the ocean
• Blackwater-waste from toilets and infirmaries
• Up to 21,000 gallons of this waste a day is
  released from the ship

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Hazardous Waste

• Classified as any solid or liquid that can
  threaten human health and the environment
• IMO and ICCL classify it as the following
• Waste from photo processing
• Dry cleaning fluid
• Light bulbs
• Batteries
• It cannot be released in any Maritime Zone
• It is taken on land and recycled and disposed of
  there

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Solid Waste

• Aluminum, glass, paper, cardboard, steel cans,
  incinerator ash, plastics, and kitchen grease
• Not Easily absorbed into the environment, does
  not biodegrade in a short time in sea water

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MARPOL ANNEX VDumping Regulations

• MARPOL is under the IMO and has determined what
  can be dumped and where it can be dumped in the
  ocean.
• Many nations have signed this treaty and the
  United States is part of it.

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ANNEX VDumping Laws

• Illegal to dump plastics or garbage containing
  plastic into any water
• No garbage can be dumped with 3 nm
• From 3-12 nm vessels are allowed to dump all
  garbage except plastics, dunnage lining, and
  packing materials that float, and all other trash
  unless it is ground less than one inch.
• Between 12 and 25 nm vessels are not permitted to
  dump plastics, dunnage lining, and packing
  materials that float
• More than 25 nm from shore ships can dump all
  garbage except plastic
• All ports must supply proper garbage facilities
  for the ship to dispose of garbage such as
  plastics
• Special areas designated by the IMO are no
  dumping areas, one example of this is the
  Caribbean

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