Homework

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Homework

• Turner Prize What did you think ?Did you find
  any themes in the artists work?What is a
  theme?Ideas and concepts that keep being used by
  artists. Some obvious ones might beTracey Emin
  Childhood experiences, Gritty
  seasidetownsDamien Hirst Death, Intimacy,
  Celebrity

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One way to read art

• Analysing an artwork often involves noticing a
  combination of themes as well as technical
  devices.You can then try to make sense of a
  piece of art by looking at how the devices
  support or clash with the theme.

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Filmic Devices

• Selection of shots,Different types of editing
  Spatial Temporal MontagesJuxtapositionHomewo
  rk for next week
• Reading a Film Sequence http//web.uvic.ca/geru/43
  9/seq.htmlThe 'Grammar' of Television and
  Filmhttp//www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/short/g
  ramtv.html

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Steenbeck
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3 Machine video editing 70s 90s
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Battleship Potempkin

• The Odessa Steps sequence is the most famous clip
  from any film.Why?0.4730

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Sequence of shots

• Shot of hands holding rifles. Shot of a woman
  with a baby carriage. Shot of men holding
  rifles. Close-up of the woman's face. Close-up
  of the baby's face. Medium shot of the woman.
  Close-up of the woman. Shot of men aiming
  rifles. Close-up of the woman's face (in agony).
  Shot of baby carriage's wheels (next to steps).
  Close-up of woman's face (in more agony).
  Close-up of hands around a belt buckle. Long
  shot of soldiers on horses approaching huge group
  of people as they flee up steps. Close-up of
  hands covering belt buckle. Medium shot of hands
  covering belt buckle. Close-up of woman
  (confused). Medium shot of woman with baby in
  carriage behind and to the left of her. Medium
  shot of baby carriage's wheels beginning to go
  down steps. Medium shot of boots marching.
  Medium shot of rifles being raised. Medium shot
  of woman grasping her belt. Medium shot of woman
  collapsing. Medium shot of baby carriage's
  wheels (still going down stairs). Long shot of
  people running in disordered panic down steps, in
  foreground, away from orderly troops in
  background Medium-long shot of troops on horses
  in forground, people running down steps, towards
  them. Medium shot of man in white attending to
  dead man with another dead man lying beside him.
  Medium shot of the woman falling to ground.
  Medium shot of baby's face (carriage going down
  steps). Medium shot of woman on ground next to
  back wheels of baby carriage.

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Sequence of shots continued

• Medium shot of old man in glasses (screaming).
  Overhead shot of baby carriage going down steps
  with baby's face in focus. Long shot of baby
  carriage reaching first landing on steps. Long
  shot of people running (panicked) and collapsing
  (shot). Long shot of horses in foreground,
  people running up steps, away from them.Close-up
  of baby's face. Medium shot of carriage's wheels
  still descending steps. Close-up of baby's face
  (crying). Close-up of young man in glasses
  (looking at baby). Medium shot of carriage's
  wheels going down stairs. Overhead shot of baby
  carriage. Close-up of baby's face. Medium-long
  shot of man in white collapsing over dead man.
  Overhead shot of baby carriage (on left half of
  frame) going down steps. Close-up of young man
  in glasses (on right half of frame) examining.
  Medium shot of carriage going down steps.
  Close-up of young man in glasses (on right half
  of frame) yelling. Medium overhead shot of baby
  carriage going down steps. Close-up of old man
  in glasses yelling. Medium shot behind carriage,
  which is still descending steps. Long shot of
  people running up steps, soldiers on horses in
  foreground at bottom of steps. Medium close-up
  of woman (dead) blood coming out of head. Medium
  shot of carriage wheels descending stairs (upper
  half of frame). Medium shot of boots walking
  among dead bodies. Overhead shot of baby in
  carriage still descending stairs. Close-up of
  young man with glasses (in middle of frame)
  looking up and screaming. Nearly identical
  overhead shot of baby. Medium close-up of man,
  from point of view of young man with glasses,
  with sword ready to strike. Close-up of man with
  sword, clenching teeth, swinging sword downwards.
  Close-up of old man in glasses, blood gushing
  out of right eye. Medium shot of baby carriage
  flipping over.

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Kuleshov Effect - 1923

• Russian director Lev Kuleshov, the Godfather, if
  you will, of thematic editing, tried to manifest
  Pavlov's psychological theories on the
  association of ideas into the editing of a film.
  His conceit was to link a series of images
  together. Alone these images may appear
  unrelated, but seen together, juxtaposed one
  against the other, Kuleshov hypothesized, they
  would form a link to the viewer, creating a
  unified action out of fragmented details. This
  theory is known as the Kuleshov effect.

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• Kuleshov's best-known experiment with image
  association was a series of six shots. The first
  was a close-up of an actor with a neutral facial
  expression. The next was a shot of a bowl of
  soup. Then back to the actor. Then a shot of a
  coffin with a female corpse. Then back to the
  actor. Then, finally, a shot of a girl playing.
  Kuleshov's notion here is that the meaning in
  this series of shots comes not from the actor,
  but rather from the juxtaposition of his face
  with the three other shots. In the first two
  shots (man and soup), it appears the man must be
  hungry. In the second two (man and corpse) it
  appears the man is grieving. In the last two (man
  and little girl), it appears the man is
  portraying paternal pride (Giannetti, 136).

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• Kuleshov believed that each shot in a sequence
  should be incomplete, and that the meaning should
  come from the composite of the shots, rather than
  from one self-contained shot. The transitions
  between shots should be simultaneously shocking,
  simultaneously jolting, simultaneously confusing.
  They should be like pieces of a puzzle only with
  the last puzzle piece in place can the complete
  picture be seen. So is the case with the Odessa
  Steps. Without having seen the rest of the movie,
  without knowing the context, we can find meaning
  in the sequence. As the shots mount up, the
  intensity increases, the complexity increases,
  the tragedy increases, the character development
  increases.

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Man with the Movie Camera

• Identify 10 elements from the film.These can be
  about the theme/plot/storyline or technical
  elements/techniques.

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A History of Computing

• The Universal Machine

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Imagine

• You are a farmer living a few hundred years ago.
• What might you want or need to calculate?

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Slide rule

• First built in England in 1632 and still in use
  in the 1960's by the NASA engineers of the
  Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs which landed
  men on the moon.

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Pascaline

• In 1642 Blaise Pascal, at age 19, invented the
  Pascaline as an aid for his father who was a tax
  collector

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Jacquard Loom - 1805

• Joseph Marie Jacquard (7 July 17527 August 1834)
  was a French silk weaver and inventor, who
  improved on the original punched card design of
  Jacques de Vaucanson's loom of 1745, to invent
  the Jacquard loom in 1804-1805. Jacquard's loom
  is controlled by recorded patterns of holes in a
  string of cards.

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Difference Engine 1822

• Charles Babbage
• The design of this machine possesses all the
  essential logical features of the modern general
  purpose computer. However, there is no direct
  line of descent from Babbages work to the modern
  electronic computer invented by the pioneers of
  the electronic age in the late 1930s and early
  1940s largely in ignorance of the detail of
  Babbage's work.

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ENIAC - 1943
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1962 Four comp tech generations
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1978
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1978
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Amiga 500 released in 1987
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Internet

• What is it ?Who uses it ?What do other people
  do with it ?Why is there such a lot of fuss
  about it ?gt 5 minSketch me a picture of the
  internet gt 5min

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Connections Communication!

• The Atlantic cable of 1858 was established to
  carry instantaneous communications across the
  ocean for the first time. Although the laying of
  this first cable was seen as a landmark event in
  society, it was a technical failure. It only
  remained in service a few days.Used by
  telegraph for morse code ---------.---in
  1876 for telephone conversations

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ARPANET - 1969

• Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) which
  initially connected four major computers at
  universities in the southwestern US (UCLA,
  Stanford Research Institute, UCSB, and the
  University of Utah)The Internet was designed in
  part to provide a communications network that
  would work even if some of the sites were
  destroyed by nuclear attack. If the most direct
  route was not available, routers would direct
  traffic around the network via alternate routes.

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• Kleinrock, a pioneering computer science
  professor at UCLA, and his small group of
  graduate students hoped to log onto the Stanford
  computer and try to send it some data.They would
  start by typing "login," and seeing if the
  letters appeared on the far-off monitor.
•  "We set up a telephone connection between us and
  the guys at SRI...," Kleinrock ... said in an
  interview "We typed the L and we asked on the
  phone,
• "Do you see the L?" "Yes, we see the L," came
  the response. "We typed the O, and we asked, "Do
  you see the O." "Yes, we see the O." "Then we
  typed the G, and the system crashed"...
• Yet a revolution had begun"...

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Protocols

• http - Internetftptelnet- Jargon for
  different ways that computers are connect to each
  other.

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What is this?

• lta href"http//www.lovely.com"gtclicklt/agt

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HTML Image link

• lta href" http//www.lovely.com"gtltimg
  srchouse.jpg"gtlt/agt

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Hypertext

• An element in an electronic document that links
  to another place in the same document or to an
  entirely different document. Typically, you click
  on the hyperlink to follow the link. Hyperlinks
  are the most essential ingredient of all
  hypertext systems, including the World Wide Web

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Hyperlink

• Here is some string.Try making some physical
  hyperlinks gt 5min
• How are these physical hyperlinks similar and
  different to internet hyperlinks ? What can you
  connect and what cant you ?

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Data Visualisations

• Information DesignerInformation
  ArchitectsArtists re-envisage the dataArtist
  Software

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WebStalker - I/O/D - 1997

• In 1997 the British group I/O/D (Matthew Fuller,
  Simon Pope, Colin Green) designed a very unusual
  Web browser called WebStalker. WebStalker is
  an alternative Web browser that does not display
  Web pages as commonly expected. It visualizes the
  underlying HTML code in a highly aesthetic
  manner, in which delicate lines erupt from
  central points on a map to form stars or
  connected nodes in a Web. Its appearance is
  almost dreamlike compared to commercial browsers
  such as Netscape and Explorer. WebStalker
  reveals the way a browser works, rather than
  actually working as a browser is supposed to
  (that is, visualize images and text from code).
  It's designed to be predatory and
  boredom-intolerant, says Matthew Fuller in an
  interview with Geert Lovink. At the same time
  though, we hope that as a piece of speculative
  software it just encourages people to treat the
  Net as a space for re-invention. The
  WebStalker establishes that there are other
  potential cultures of use for the Web.

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• Such as other cultures of use than those designed
  for us by industry, cultures that give us the
  opportunity to create, exchange and interact
  freely with the machine, with other people and
  with other cultures online. In other words,
  cultures that would like to see the Internet be
  more of a public space. Fuller has continued his
  experiments with software cultures in other
  collaborations. He has, among other things,
  worked as a writer and theorist for Mongrel, and
  his work has been very influential in the
  development and recognition of software art. He
  is also involved as a critic and juror in
  ReadMe and RunMe.

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• On connecting to a URL, HTML appears to the
  user's computer as a stream of data. This data
  could be formatted for use in any of a wide
  variety of configurations. As a current, given
  mediation by some interpretative device, it could
  even be used as a flowing pattern to determine
  the behaviour of a device completely unrelated to
  its purpose.(1) - Mathew Fuller

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Lynx Early Text only browser
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Ambulator - Boris Müller - 1999

• A web site and a page in a magazine may look
  pretty much the same, but they are not. The
  structure behind them is different. Form and
  content of a magazine are glued together through
  the process of printing. But on the web, form and
  content can easily be separated. Images can be
  detached from the text, text can be isolated from
  the layout.
• Ambulator is an internet agent that makes use of
  these possibilities. It collects text and images
  from different web sites and creates a fluid,
  dynamic collage out of this web material.
• After the user has specified a keyword, the
  ambulator searches the internet for web pages
  that are related to the keyword. It then takes a
  chunk of text from one page, an image from
  another and displays text and images on screen.
  So the ambulator creates a new context by
  bringing together text and images from different
  web sites. After a while, the screen is filled up
  with words and pictures.

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Readme Festival

• Readme Festivalhttp//readme.runme.org/Ambulato
  rhttp//www.esono.com/boris/projects/ambulator/
  The Browser is deadhttp//www.mediamatic.nl/magaz
  ine/9_4/altena_browser/altena_2gb.html