Fractions

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Fractions

• By Jamie Ireland

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Fraction Parts

• There are two parts to every fraction.
• The numerator is the number on the top of the
  fraction.
• Example ¾ 3 is the numerator.
• The denominator is the number on bottom of the
  fraction.
• Example ¾ 4 is the denominator.

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How to say the Fractions

• To say the fraction you must first name it.
• Take ¾. This is pronounced three fourths.
• If you have 5/6, you would pronounce it five
  sixths.
• You have units, which are numbers like 1,2,3
  Then you have half (halves if plural) and then
  thirds.
• After thirds you add a th to the denominator when
  you name the fractions.

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THE THREE QUESTIONS

• There are three questions which you should ask
  yourself when dealing with fractions.
• 1. What is the unit?
• If you have a candy bar the whole candy bar is
  the unit. Same if you have a piece of paper.
• 2. How many pieces are in the unit?
• If the candy bar is in three pieces then there
  are three pieces in the unit. If the paper is in
  four pieces then there is four pieces in the
  unit.
• 3. Are the pieces the same size?
• The pieces must be the of equal size.

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Halves

• If you cut an object into two equal parts, then
  each part is a half of the object.
• Half can be written like this ½.

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Fourths

• An object can be split into fourths if you split
  the object into four equal parts.
• Take a piece of paper and fold it in half. Then
  fold it in half again and the paper will be in
  fourths.

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Naming Fractions

• The three questions help you to name the
  fractions.
• You count how many parts there are all together
  and that number is your denominator.
• The number of equal parts of the unit leads to
  the name half, third, or whatever the number is.
• In this case it is fourths. ?/4
• Then you count how many parts are shaded or
  colored. That is your numerator. ¼

For more information http//www.aaamath.com/B/fr
a16_x2.htm
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More Facts

• Now that you know how to name fractions, you
  should know the different types of fractions.
• A fraction with a bigger number in the numerator
  is called an improper fraction.
• Example 4/3
• A fraction that has a whole number in front of it
  is called a mixed number.
• Example 1 ½

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How do you say fractions greater than one and
mixed numbers.

• For fractions greater than one you say it like a
  regular fractions.
• Example 5/3 say it five thirds
• For mixed numbers you say the whole number and
  say an and and then say the fraction.
• Example 2 ½ you say it two and a half.

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Adding Fractions

• When adding fraction the denominator stays the
  same.
• So if you add 1/3 1/3, the denominator will
  stay at 3.
• Then you add the top numbers together to get the
  numerator. 112
• So the answer is 2/3.

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Another Practice Problem
CLICK HERE Adding Fractions
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Adding mixed numbers and fractions greater than
one.

• You add fractions greater than one just like you
  add any other fractions
• Example 4/3 1/3 5/3
• To add mixed numbers you can add the whole
  numbers first and then the fractions.
• 1 1/4 1 ¼ you can add the ones together 11 2
  then the fractions ¼ ¼ 2/4. The answer
  would be 2 2/4.

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Equivalent Fractions

• Any fraction that has the same number in the
  denominator and the numerator equals one.
• Example 2/21
• To get an equivalent fraction for any fraction,
  you can multiple the denominator and the
  numerator by the same number.
• Example ½2/22/4

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Converting whole numbers to fractions

• REMEMBER THAT ANY WHOLE NUMBER IS A FRACTION.
• The whole number is on top of the fractions while
  one is on the bottom.
• Examples
• 1 1/1
• 4 4/1

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Equivalent fractions for whole numbers

• Remember to multiply the top and bottom numbers
  by the same number.
• Example
• 4 4/1
• 4/1 2/2 8/2

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Converting Mixed Numbers to Fractions Greater
Than One

• IF you have 1 ½ then to convert it to a fraction
  greater than one, you have to multiply the whole
  number to a fraction with the same denominator as
  the fraction in the problem so that you can add
  them together.
• Example 1 ½
• 1 2/22/2
• 2/2 ½ 3/2
• 1 ½ 3/2

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Converting fractions greater than one to a mixed
number

• If you have 4/3 and you want to convert it to a
  mixed number, then you can draw a picture like
  this.
• As you can see the mixed number would be 1 1/3.

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Another way to convert fractions greater than one
to a mixed number.

• You could also do this by figuring out how many
  times the denominator goes into the numerator.
  That would be the whole number and what was left
  would be the fraction.
• Example 6/4
• Four goes into 6 once, with two left. That two
  left goes over the four. The fraction is 1 ¼.
• Also if you have a fraction like 2 6/5, you can
  make that into a fraction like 3 1/5.
• You simply add the whole numbers from the
  fractions to the whole number in front of the
  fraction.
• 2 6/5 6/5 1 1/5 123 2 6/5 3 1/5

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Adding Fractions with Unlike Denominators

• First you have to make the fractions have the
  same denominator.
• To make ½ into fourths you have to multiply both
  the top and bottom numbers by 2. ½2/22/4
• Now that both fractions have the same denominator
  you can add them.
• 2/4 2/4 4/4
• And you know that 4/41.

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Subtracting Fractions

• To subtract two fractions, the denominator of
  both fractions have to be the same.
• The denominator will have the same number as it
  did before you subtracted. In this case it is 4.
• The numerator is the first numerator minus the
  second numerator.
• Example 2-11
• The answer would be ¼.

Another example
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Subtracting mixed numbers

• To subtract a mixed number you must first convert
  it to a fraction greater than one.
• Example 2 ½ - 2/2
• Remember that 2 is 2/1. 2/1 2/2 4/2
• Then you add that to the fraction 4/21/25/2
• Then you subtract 5/2-2/2 3/2
• You can also convert it to 1 3/2, by only
  converting one of the whole numbers.
• When you are subtracting two mixed numbers you
  should subtract the fraction part first then
  subtract the whole numbers.
• Example 1 2/3 1 1/3 2/3 1/3 1/3 1 1 0
  so 1 2/3 1 1/3 1/3

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For More Information

• This website uses circles and number lines to
  teach fractions. http//www.visualfractions.com/
• This site provides help in finding the least
  common multiple for renaming fractions.
  http//www.mathleague.com

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A Good Source

• Mathematics learning in early childhood- There is
  a chapter in there that talks about fractions
  which was written by Arthur F. Coxford and
  Lawrence W. Ellerbruch.
• This book is sometimes referred to as the
  thirty-seventh yearbook.

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THE END