Tsunami Warning Center Opeartions

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Tsunami Warning Center Opeartions (Local
Tsunami) Masahiro Yamamoto

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What we need for Tsunami Warning
Occurrence of Earthquake
Generation of Tsunami
Components of tsunami warning system
Detection of Seismic Wave
Network of seismographs
Real time data transmission
Determination of Magnitude and Hypocenter
Real time data processing system
Evaluation of Tsunami
Criteria for Tsunami grade
Issuance of Tsunami Warning
Communication facility to disseminate Tsunami
Warning
Detection of Tsunami
Network of tide gauge to monitor tsunami
Issuance of Tsunami Information
Re-evaluation of Tsunami
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Improvement of National Tsunami Warning
Service Incorporation of CMT Solution and
Earthquake Early Warning Technique
Currently
Determination of hypocenter and magnitude
Tsunami Warning
3min.
Tsunami Information (Observed Amplitude and
Arrival Time of Tsunami)
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Continuous data are transmitted over a dedicated
telephone line

Seismometer
Seismic Station
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• Tidal observation equipment in JMA

Tidal station
Tidal station
Tide gauge
Acoustic gauge with sounding tube
Wire
Float
Intake pipe
Acoustic gauge in the Open Air
Float gauge in the Stilling Well
Acoustic gauge with Sounding Tube
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Tide gauge stations in Japan
Tide gauge (float type)
Huge-tsunami gauge (pressure type)
Tsunami gauge (pressure type located on sea floor)
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Elapsed time for Tsunami Warning
Seismic data processing by computer
Manual procedure
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Dissemination of Tsunami Warning to Residents
Dedicated telephone line
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Tsunami Forecast Operation for Tsunamis from
nearby Origin
JMA Seismic Network
Tidal Network
Tsunami Warning
Evaluation of Tsunami
?Quantitative Tsunami forecast (arrival time and
Tsunami height) ?Tsunami warning for 66 regions
Tsunami Database
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Numerical Simulation of Tsunami Propagation
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An Example of the Simulation for Tonankai
Earthquake in 1944
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Japan Trench and Chishima Tranch EQ
Honsyu
20m
Tsunami Height Estimation (Tsunamis by the EQs in
the vicinity of Japan Trench and Chishima Trench)
Hokkaido
15m
(The latest simulation by the Central Disaster
Management Council)
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What we need for Tsunami Warning
Occurrence of Earthquake
Generation of Tsunami
Components of tsunami warning system
Detection of Seismic Wave
Network of seismographs
Real time data transmission
Determination of Magnitude and Hypocenter
Real time data processing system
Evaluation of Tsunami
Criteria for Tsunami grade
Issuance of Tsunami Warning
Communication facility to disseminate Tsunami
Warning
Detection of Tsunami
Network of tide gauge to monitor tsunami
Issuance of Tsunami Information
Re-evaluation of Tsunami
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Concept of the Tidal Data Collection System using
the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite of
Japan
Pressure sensor
MTSAT
Acoustic gauge
Acquisition of Tidal Data 1.6 GHz band
Report of Tidal Data 402 MHz band
CDAS
Tidal Observatory
Acoustic gauge
Tidal Observatory
Transmission of Data Transmission
Interval 6 min., 12 min. or 15
min. Transmission Period Within 1 min
MSC
Pressure sensor
PTWC
Global Telecommunication System (GTS)
National Meteorological Services (NMS)
JMA HQ
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GTS in the Indian Ocean region
Fig.23
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Summary National Tsunami Warning Center

• Establishment of National Center
• For tsunamis both from distant origin and
  nearby origin
• Operation and maintenance 24 hours a day
  7 days a week
• Training and exercise of staff
• Multi-channels dissemination to residents
• International Cooperation
• Data and information exchange

Figure 29
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JMA TWS Staffing - Training
2 Staff Shifts (5 persons/shift) Monitor
earthquakes/tsunamis around the clock Issue
earthquake information (more than 1,000 felt
earthquakes per year) Issue tsunami warning
However
Destructive Tsunami once every few years!
Must keep / enhance skills for tsunami
warning Comprehensive TW Issuance exercise (7x/
yr) Various levels of training courses for
operators
Figure 27
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Operation and maintenance 24 hours a day 7 days
a week Battle against time
Japan Meteorological Agency 2005/3/9
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Further Efforts for rapid and accurate tsunami
information

• CONTINUOUS UPGRADING
• Seismic and Sea Level networks
• Processing system for determination of location
  and magnitude
• Quantitative tsunami forecast system by numerical
  simulations
• Down stream to public
• Preparedness

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Tsunami Warning System for each country
Structure of Tsunami warning system depends on
Geological Setting!
Local tsunami? Distant tsunami?
What does your country need?
on your responsibility
?
under international cooperation
?
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END Thank you very much.