Bloodborne Pathogens Annual Update

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Bloodborne Pathogens Annual Update

• Table of Contents
• Bloodborne Pathogens
• Child Abuse

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What are BloodBorne Pathogens?

• Certain pathogenic microorganisms found in the
  blood of infected people.
• They can be transmitted by blood or body fluids.

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• In the school, most potential blood exposures
  occur when first aid is performed.
• When caring for anyone who is bleeding, it is
  important to protect yourself by using gloves.
• For nose bleeds, give students tissue and
  encourage them to pinch their noses.

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• When a student needs assistance with nose bleeds
  or injury involving bleeding, send her/him to the
  health office.
• When appropriate, students may wash and cover
  their own cuts.
• Any trash containing large amounts of blood must
  be bagged and disposed of in the health room
  trash can.

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Bloodborne Pathogens

• The two most significant Bloodborne pathogens are
  the hepatitis B virus ( HBV) and the human
  immunodeficiency virus (HIV ).

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What Is HIV/AIDS ?

• AIDS ( acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is
  the advanced stage of HIV (human immunodeficiency
  virus ) infection.
• HIV attacks the bodys immune system, leaving it
  vulnerable to life-threatening opportunistic
  infections and cancers.

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HIV

• HIV also attacks the central nervous system and
  causes deterioration of the brain.
• Persons infected with HIV frequently have no
  apparent symptoms. They look healthy.
• There is no cure for AIDS.

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HIV Facts

• A person may be infected and not even know it..
• Only a blood test will identify HIV.
• A person without symptoms, can transmit the virus.

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How is HIV Spread ?

• Sexual activity involving direct contact with
  semen, blood, or vaginal secretions.
• Sharing IV needles with someone infected.

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How is HIV Spread

• Sharing unsterilized instruments for tattooing,
  ear piercing, shaving, or acupuncture.
• Direct contact with infected blood on broken skin.

• Mother to child during birth.
• Receiving blood transfusions or products from
  someone who is infected prior to 1985.

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HIV cannot be transmitted...

• Through air or water
• By coughing or sneezing
• On objects. (phones or door knobs)
• Sharing cup, toilets, drinking fountains

• Through kissing or biting.

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Five Million Americans Have Hepatitis and Dont
Know It

• Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by a
  virus present in blood and body fluids.
• Less than half of those infected show any signs
  of illness.

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There is an effective vaccine to prevent Hep B

• Series of 3 injections
• Mandatory for students
• Prevents liver cancer
• Recommended for all staff

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Signs and Symptoms

• Symptoms may appear from 6 weeks to 6 months
  after becoming infected virus. Death is not
  common, 5-10 become carriers.

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Signs and Symptoms

• 25 of carriers may develop chronic liver
  disease.
• The symptoms include mild fever, fatigue, loss
  of appetite, abdominal pain, dark urine, muscle
  and joint aches, skin turns yellow, ( jaundice ),
  nausea and vomiting.

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How is Hepatitis Spread?

• An infected person can transmit hepatitis B as
  long as the virus remains in the blood. Hep B is
  transmitted by
• Sexual activity involving direct contact with
  semen, blood, or vaginal secretions of an
  infected person.
• Sharing unsterile, infected instruments used to
  penetrate the skin

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How Is Hepatitis Spread?

• Sharing intravenous ( IV ) Such as those used for
  tattooing, ear piercing needles or syringes with
  an infected person.
• Direct contact with infected blood on broken
  skin.
• Sharing toothbrushes contaminated with infected
  blood.

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You Can Limit Your Risk of Exposure by Following
Universal Precautions.

• Wash your hands
• Wear disposable gloves

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Handwashing

• Before eating and drinking
• After contact with any bodily secretions
• After removing disposable gloves

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Technique for Handwashing

• Facilities should include soap, running water,
  and paper towels.
• Wet hands with running water.
• Apply soap and lather well.
• Wash hands using a circular motion and friction
  for at least 10 seconds. Include front and back
  surfaces, between fingers and knuckles, around
  nails, and entire wrist.

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Technique for Handwashing

• Rinse hands well under running water.
• Dry hands well with paper towels.

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Using Disposable Gloves

• Prior to handling body fluids or blood
• when changing diapers
• when cleaning areas contaminated with bodily
  fluids

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Steps To Take Should You HaveAn Occupational
Exposure

• Thoroughly wash the area with soap and water
• Inform the nurse and administration immediately!

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Spills in the Classroom

• Call custodian to clean contaminated areas
• He has been trained and has special chemicals.
• Small spills- use the first aide kit.

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CHILD ABUSE REPORTING

• When How to Make a Child Abuse Report

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WHEN TO REPORT

• Law stipulates that you are required to report
  any suspicion of child abuse
• You dont need to investigate, prove or disprove
• Just report it
• Consultation with staff available

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GENERAL CATEGORIES OF CHILD ABUSE

• Physical abuse
• Sexual abuse
• Neglect

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HOW TO REPORT

• If you believe a child to be in immediate danger,
  call 911
• If you suspect past or current child abuse you
  must verbally report to CPS w/in 24 hours
• Within 36 hours you must send a written form
  (suspected child abuse report form)

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National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and
Neglect
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CHILD ABUSE HOTLINE
1-800-344-6000
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Congratulations!

• You have completed the training. Now, initial
  your checklist for this.
• If you have questions, please see your school
  nurse.