1 Introduction to C Programming Language

1
????? 1???????????(Introduction to C
Programming Language)
2
??????????? (Programming Languages)
????????????? ??????????????????????????????????
??????????????? ?????? ????????????????????
? ????????????????? ?????????????????
??????????????
3
1.1 ?????????????????
?????? ?????????????????? ????? (Dennis Ritchie)
??????????????????????????? (UNIX)
???????????????????? DEC PDP-11 ?????????????????
??????????????
4
1.2 ???????????????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??
• ???????????????????????????????????????? ????????
  ???????? (Function)

5
??????????? 1.1

• include ltstdio.hgt
• void main( )
• / Display message to standard output
  /
• printf(My first program.)
• ????????????????????
• My first program.

6
?????? 1.1 ????????????????????????
include ltstdio.hgt void main( ) /
Display message to standard output /
printf(My first program.)
7
???????? 1.2

• include ltstdio.hgt void main( ) /
  Display message to standard output /
  printf(My first program.)

8
???????? 1.3

• include
• ltstdio.hgt
• void
• main
• ( )
• / Display message to standard output /
• printf(My first program.)

9

• ??????? 1.1 1.2 ???? 1.3 ??????????????????
• ??????????????? ??????????? ????????
• ???????????????????????????? (Indentation)
• ??????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????? (Space Bar)
  ????????? 3-5 ??

10
1.3 ???????????????????

• ????????? ???????? ????????????????? ???
• ????????????
• ?????????????????
• ???????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????
• ???????? ?????????? (Variable) ???????????????????
  ?????????????

11
1.3.1 ??????????
12
???????????????????????????? ??? 3 ????

• ?????????
• ?????????
• ????????????????? (String)

13
??????????????? 10 ???? 125 0 -154
??????????????? 8 ?????????????? 0 ????
0377 0177 0000 01 ??????????????? 16
?????????????? 0x ???? 0X ???? 0XFF 0x14
0x4B?????????????? long ????????????? l ????
L ???? 123L 0437l 0x4FFL
????????? ???????????????? int, short, long,
unsigned int, unsigned short ??? unsigned long

14
????????? ??? ?????????????????????????
???????? ?????????????????????????????????
???????????????? float ??? double

• ????????????????? ???? 12.524 0.1259 0.00001
• ???????????????????????????? ???? 1.0E4
  12.432e-4 1E-4 2E3
• ?????????????? float ???? 1.4321F 472.324f
• ?????????????? double ???? 232.98D 1.2323d

15
????????????????? (String) ????????????????
char ????????????????? 1 ??????
???????????????????????????? char (Array of
char) ??????????????????????????????????

• ????????????? ???? a W \a \t
  
• ????????????????????????? \ ??????????????????????
  
• ???? \a ??????????????
• \t ?????????????
• \n ????????????????????

16
1.3.2 ????????????

• ??????
• ???????????? ??????????
• ????????
• float score
• int age
• char ch
• float width, height, length

17
?????????????

• ??????????? a ??? z
• A ??? Z
• ??? 0???9???_(Underscore)
• ????????????????? ?????????????????????? ????_
• ????????????????????????????????? (Keyword)?????
• ????????????????????/????????????????????

18
?????? (Keyword)

• auto double int struct
• break else long switch
• case enum register typedef
• char extern return union
• const float short unsigned
• continue for signed void
• default goto sizeof volatile
• do if static while

19
????????????????????

• ???????????????????
• ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????
  ???????
• ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????
  ????
• ??????????????????? define ??????????????????????
  ?????????????
• ?????????????????????????? ? ??
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????_ ???????????? ???? totalScore ????
  total_score

20
??????????????????

• salary _MAX
• MONEY Average_score
• x totalPage
• recordno annual2001

21
?????????????????????????????????
float dollar int my age integer
age int a. b. c char
ch float student-height float
1Score
22
???????? ??????????????????????????????? ??? int
sum0 float height0.0f
23
1.3.3 ???????????????????????????

• ?????????????????????? ??? ???????? scanf( )
• ???????????????????????????????????? printf( )
• ???????????????????????????????
• include ltstdio.hgt

24
1.3.3.1 ????????????

• ??????
• scanf ( ?????? , ????????????1,
  ??????????2,..)
• ??????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????
• ????????????????????? ?????? (Format code)
  ?????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????

25
????? 1.2 ??????????(Format code)???????????????

• d, i ??????????????????????????????????? int
• ld ??????????????????????????????????? long
• u ??????????????????????????????????????????
  unsigned
• o ???????????????????????????????8
  ????????????????? unsigned
• x ???????????????????????????????16
  ????????????????? unsigned
• c ??????????????????? 1 ???
• s ??????????????????
• f ???????????????????????????????? float
• lf ???????????????????????????????? double

26
????????????????????????

• ????????????????? ??? Format code ??????
  ????
• d s ?????? ??????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????

27

• ???? ????????????????????????????????
• ?????????
• int month, year
• scanf (d d, month, year)

28

• ????????????????????
• scanf (d/d/d, day, month, year)
• ??????????????????????????
• 20/7/2001
• ?????????????????????????????? ????
• scanf(2d2d4d, day, month, year)
• ?????????????????????????????
• 20072001

29
1.3.3.2 ???????????????

• ??????????? printf( )
• ??????
• printf(Control, Argument list)
• printf (??????,??????????1,??????????2,.. )
• Control?????????? ???????????????/??????(Forma
  t code)
• ????????????????????? ????????????????????????????
  ?????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  
• ?????

30
????? 1.3 ?????? (Format code)????????????

• ?????? ?????????????????
• d, i ???????????????????????????????? int
• ld ???????????????????????????????? long
• u ???????????????????????????????????????
  unsigned
• O ??????????????????????? 8
  ????????????????? unsigned
• x, X ??????????????????????? 16 ????????????????
  unsigned
• c ???????????????? 1 ???
• s ???????????????
• f ????????????????????????????? float
• lf ????????????????????????????? double

31

• ????
• char name Mickey
• int age 20
• printf(s is d years old., name, age)

???????????????? Mickey is 20 years old.
32

• ?????????????????????? ? ???????????
• printf(Good morning.)

???????????????? Good morning.
33

• ???????? ?????????????????????????????????
• int x, y
• x 7
• y 2
• printf(The sum of d and d is d\n, x, y,
  xy)

???????????????? The sum of 7 and 2 is 9
_
34

• ???????? printf( ) ?????????????????????????
• ????????? ????????????????????????? ?????????????
• ????
• printf(The sum of 5d and 5d is 5d\n, a, b,
  ab)

????????????????????? The sum of 7 and 2
is 9 _
35
???????????????????????????????????

• ????????????? ????????????????????????????????
  ?????????? ???????????
• ??????????? ?????????????????????
• ????????? ???????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????? ???
  Format code

36

• ????????
• float x43.34, y2.231
• printf(Minus f with f, answer is f, x, y,
  x-y)
• ?????????????????????

Minus 43.340000 with 2.231000, answer is
41.109000
??????????? printf(Minus 4.2f with 4.2f,
answer is 4.2f)
????????????????????? Minus 43.34 with 2.23,
answer is 41.11_
37
?????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????

• ??????????? 1.5 ?????????????????????????????????
  ???
• include ltstdio.hgt
• include ltconio.hgt
• void main( )
• clrscr( )

38
Computer

• printf("\ns", "Computer")
• printf("\n2s", "Computer")
• printf("\n.3s", "Computer")
• printf("\n10s", "Computer")
• printf("\n-10s", "Computer")
• printf("\n-10.3s", "Computer")
• printf("\n")

Computer
Com
Computer
Computer
Com
39

• Printf("\nd", 100)
• printf("\n.2d", 100)
• printf("\n10d", 100)
• printf("\n-10d", 100)
• printf("\n-10.2d", 100)
• printf("\nf", 32.5762)
• printf("\n.2f", 32.5762)
• printf("\n10.2f", 32.5762)
• printf("\n-10.2f", 32.5762)

100
100
100
100
100
32.576200
32.58
32.58
32.58
40

• ??????????? 1.6 ???????????????????????????
• include ltstdio.hgt
• void main( )
• char name100
• printf("What is your name ?\n")
• scanf("s", name)
• printf("Very glad to know you, ")
• printf("s.",name)

?????????????????? What is your name
? Willy Very glad to know you, Willy.